<p>Catalyzing the glucose cascade reaction to impair tumor cell energy metabolism represents a promising strategy for tumor therapy. However, the application of natural enzymes as therapeutic agents remains limited by various challenges. Although nanozymes with multi-enzyme activities, including glucose oxidase-like (GOx-like) activity, have been reported, their development often involves complex material combinations and cumbersome synthesis processes. Here, we develop a nanozyme with GOx-, peroxidase (POD)-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and NADH oxidase (NOX)-mimic activities by simply controlling the AuPt alloy ratio. The optimal cascade activity was observed for the nanozyme at an Au: Pt proportion of 13:7. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Au sites drive glucose dehydrogenation (GOx-like), while Pt sites facilitate hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation (POD-like). Both in vitro and in vivo data indicated that Au<sub>13</sub>Pt<sub>7</sub> nanozymes disrupt tumor redox/metabolic homeostasis by depleting glucose and generating cytotoxic •OH, and impairing mitochondrial function via NOX-like, thereby inducing cell apoptosis. Notably, apoptotic immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor metastasis. This study presents an innovative strategy for engineering nanozymes with multi-enzyme catalytic capabilities while demonstrating the promising application of alloy-based nanozymes in synergistic metabolic-immunotherapy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Unraveling the structure-activity relationship of alloying in nanozyme design for synergistic tumor metabolic-immunotherapy

  • Chaoran Liu,
  • Wenyu Zhang,
  • Qingbin He,
  • Xinyu Ma,
  • Jianfeng Qiu,
  • Runxiao Zheng,
  • Hongjin Xue

摘要

Catalyzing the glucose cascade reaction to impair tumor cell energy metabolism represents a promising strategy for tumor therapy. However, the application of natural enzymes as therapeutic agents remains limited by various challenges. Although nanozymes with multi-enzyme activities, including glucose oxidase-like (GOx-like) activity, have been reported, their development often involves complex material combinations and cumbersome synthesis processes. Here, we develop a nanozyme with GOx-, peroxidase (POD)-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and NADH oxidase (NOX)-mimic activities by simply controlling the AuPt alloy ratio. The optimal cascade activity was observed for the nanozyme at an Au: Pt proportion of 13:7. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Au sites drive glucose dehydrogenation (GOx-like), while Pt sites facilitate hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation (POD-like). Both in vitro and in vivo data indicated that Au13Pt7 nanozymes disrupt tumor redox/metabolic homeostasis by depleting glucose and generating cytotoxic •OH, and impairing mitochondrial function via NOX-like, thereby inducing cell apoptosis. Notably, apoptotic immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces antitumor immunity and suppresses tumor metastasis. This study presents an innovative strategy for engineering nanozymes with multi-enzyme catalytic capabilities while demonstrating the promising application of alloy-based nanozymes in synergistic metabolic-immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract