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<p>The active ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine with diverse structures exhibited anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering functions, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases of atherosclerosis. We incorporate Astaxanthin (AST) and Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) into PLGA NPs to synthesized HA@PLGA@AST/DHA NPs (HPAD NPs) for alleviating atherosclerosis. In <i>vitro</i> assay indicated that the designed HPAD NPs promoted cholesterol efflux of macrophages by enhancing selective lipophagy, which is benefit to lipid antigen degradation. Meanwhile, HPAD NPs regulated T-cell differentiation and crucially induced macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type. In <i>vivo</i> study demonstrated that HPAD NPs decreased the necrotic core dimension and improved plaque stability in <i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice with atherosclerosis. Overall, this research indicated the promise of HPAD NPs for the targeted therapy of atherosclerosis.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Astaxanthin and Dihydroartemisinin loaded PLGA NPs for atherosclerosis therapy via regulating lipid metabolism and immune microenvironment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Jiayao Hu,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Yizhou Wu,
  • Xiaoyan Dong,
  • Dongying Tang,
  • Wei Yan,
  • Bin Liu,
  • Hongyan Zhou

摘要

The active ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicine with diverse structures exhibited anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering functions, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases of atherosclerosis. We incorporate Astaxanthin (AST) and Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) into PLGA NPs to synthesized HA@PLGA@AST/DHA NPs (HPAD NPs) for alleviating atherosclerosis. In vitro assay indicated that the designed HPAD NPs promoted cholesterol efflux of macrophages by enhancing selective lipophagy, which is benefit to lipid antigen degradation. Meanwhile, HPAD NPs regulated T-cell differentiation and crucially induced macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type. In vivo study demonstrated that HPAD NPs decreased the necrotic core dimension and improved plaque stability in ApoE-/- mice with atherosclerosis. Overall, this research indicated the promise of HPAD NPs for the targeted therapy of atherosclerosis.

Graphical abstract