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<p>Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and implant integration. The results indicate that nano/microstructures with minimal dimensions (SP450) inhibit actin polymerization by reducing calcium influx through PIEZO1, activating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Among the tested specimens, SP450 exhibited the lowest expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while releasing the highest levels of anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. This optimized immune environment promotes the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and enhances the osseointegration of PEEK implants. Transcriptomic analysis and validation experiment further revealed that SP450 inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by down-regulating transforming growth factor-β2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that manipulating the surface topography of PEEK implants is an effective strategy for enhancing osseointegration with promising clinical applications.</p>

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Regulation of immune microenvironments by polyetheretherketone surface topography for improving osseointegration

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月11日

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  • Yuqing Zhao,
  • Yanxin An,
  • Fan Wu,
  • Lipeng Liu,
  • Franklin R. Tay,
  • Yang Jiao,
  • Jing Wang

摘要

Optimizing the immune microenvironment is essential for successful implant osseointegration. In this study, four different nano/microstructures were fabricated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrates by varying the agitation speed during sulfonation to influence osteoimmunomodulation and implant integration. The results indicate that nano/microstructures with minimal dimensions (SP450) inhibit actin polymerization by reducing calcium influx through PIEZO1, activating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype. Among the tested specimens, SP450 exhibited the lowest expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while releasing the highest levels of anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. This optimized immune environment promotes the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and enhances the osseointegration of PEEK implants. Transcriptomic analysis and validation experiment further revealed that SP450 inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by down-regulating transforming growth factor-β2 and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that manipulating the surface topography of PEEK implants is an effective strategy for enhancing osseointegration with promising clinical applications.