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<p>Plant sterols (PS) may improve cardiovascular risk biomarkers, beyond their cholesterol-lowering effects. Following PRISMA guidelines, 37 clinical trials evaluating the effect of the PS dietary supplementation on serum lipids, and inflammation, endothelial function and oxidative stress parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia were analyzed. Significant improvements were reported in inflammatory (IL-1β), endothelial function (ET-1, E-selectin), and oxidative stress markers (ox-LDL, 8-isoprostane). Food matrix, PS profile, dosage, and intervention duration seemed not to decisively influence outcomes. Small population size and lack of simultaneous assessment of the parameters were the main limitations. PS show promising cardiovascular protection, although future research should include serum PS profiling and gut microbiota analysis to evaluate potential correlations with cardiovascular bioactivity.</p>

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Overview of the effect of dietary supplementation with plant sterols on low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in patients with hypercholesterolemia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Leonardo Musto,
  • Amparo Alegría,
  • Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas

摘要

Plant sterols (PS) may improve cardiovascular risk biomarkers, beyond their cholesterol-lowering effects. Following PRISMA guidelines, 37 clinical trials evaluating the effect of the PS dietary supplementation on serum lipids, and inflammation, endothelial function and oxidative stress parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia were analyzed. Significant improvements were reported in inflammatory (IL-1β), endothelial function (ET-1, E-selectin), and oxidative stress markers (ox-LDL, 8-isoprostane). Food matrix, PS profile, dosage, and intervention duration seemed not to decisively influence outcomes. Small population size and lack of simultaneous assessment of the parameters were the main limitations. PS show promising cardiovascular protection, although future research should include serum PS profiling and gut microbiota analysis to evaluate potential correlations with cardiovascular bioactivity.