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<p>RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), pseudouridine (Ψ), and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, constitute a dynamic epitranscriptomic network that profoundly regulates RNA metabolism and gene expression. Their dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer. This review critically synthesizes the multifaceted roles of RNA modifications to bridge the gap between descriptive epitranscriptomic mapping and functional tumor biology. We systematically evaluate how writers, readers, and erasers dictate transcript stability and translation efficiency, driving tissue-specific tumor evolution across diverse malignancies. Crucially, we explore the intersection of RNA modifications and the tumor immune microenvironment, detailing their mechanisms in orchestrating immune evasion, altering antigen presentation, and regulating immune checkpoints. Furthermore, we examine how epitranscriptomic reprogramming dictates cellular responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy. By comprehensively analyzing these mechanisms, this review aims to facilitate the translation of epitranscriptomic findings into clinical applications, laying a theoretical foundation for targeted anti-tumor strategies.</p>

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RNA modifications in cancer: regulators of tumor evolution and therapeutic response

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Xinyu Gu,
  • Yuting He,
  • Ziyi Xu,
  • Shujun Zhang,
  • Yafeng Liu,
  • Zihan Yang,
  • Hongyan Liu,
  • Wenjuan Chen,
  • Lifan Zhang,
  • Yingda Xie,
  • Jiaxiang Hu,
  • Huiwu Xing,
  • Jing Yan,
  • Qingmiao Shi

摘要

RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), 7-methylguanosine (m7G), pseudouridine (Ψ), and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, constitute a dynamic epitranscriptomic network that profoundly regulates RNA metabolism and gene expression. Their dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer. This review critically synthesizes the multifaceted roles of RNA modifications to bridge the gap between descriptive epitranscriptomic mapping and functional tumor biology. We systematically evaluate how writers, readers, and erasers dictate transcript stability and translation efficiency, driving tissue-specific tumor evolution across diverse malignancies. Crucially, we explore the intersection of RNA modifications and the tumor immune microenvironment, detailing their mechanisms in orchestrating immune evasion, altering antigen presentation, and regulating immune checkpoints. Furthermore, we examine how epitranscriptomic reprogramming dictates cellular responses to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy. By comprehensively analyzing these mechanisms, this review aims to facilitate the translation of epitranscriptomic findings into clinical applications, laying a theoretical foundation for targeted anti-tumor strategies.