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<p>Acetylcholine (ACh) is an essential neurotransmitter that has recently gained attention for its multifunctional role in tumor immune regulation. By binding neuronal loss to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, ACh directly promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration while modulating immune cell functions, thereby influencing the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, ACh plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis and stromal remodeling. Recent studies suggest that combining ACh modulators with immune checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies may improve treatment efficacy and overcome resistance. This review highlights current research developments regarding ACh in tumor immune regulation, explores its underlying mechanisms and clinical potential, and provides a theoretical basis for developing personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>

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The role of acetylcholine and its receptors in tumor immune regulation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Chunyu Zhang,
  • Xiangdong Guo,
  • Yanan Wang,
  • Shuo Zhang,
  • Zhihua Wang

摘要

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an essential neurotransmitter that has recently gained attention for its multifunctional role in tumor immune regulation. By binding neuronal loss to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, ACh directly promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration while modulating immune cell functions, thereby influencing the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, ACh plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis and stromal remodeling. Recent studies suggest that combining ACh modulators with immune checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies may improve treatment efficacy and overcome resistance. This review highlights current research developments regarding ACh in tumor immune regulation, explores its underlying mechanisms and clinical potential, and provides a theoretical basis for developing personalized therapeutic strategies.