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Background <p>Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is considered a permanent cell cycle arrest following DNA-damaging treatments; however, its irreversibility has recently been challenged. Here, we demonstrate that escape from TIS is universal across breast cancer cells. Moreover, TIS provides a reversible drug resistance mechanism that ensures the survival of the population, and could contribute to relapse.</p> Methods <p>TIS was induced in four different breast cancer cell line with high-dose chemotherapy and cultured until cells escaped TIS. Parental, TIS and repopulating cells were analyzed by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing and surface proteomics. A genetically engineered mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer was used to prove why current senolytics cannot overcome TIS in tumors.</p> Results <p>Screening the toxicity of a diverse panel of FDA-approved anticancer drugs revealed that TIS meditates resistance to half of these compounds, despite their distinct mechanism of action. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, along with surface proteome analysis, showed that while parental and repopulating cells are almost identical, TIS cells are significantly different from both, highlighting their transient nature. Furthermore, investigating dozens of known drug resistance mechanisms offered no explanation for this unique drug resistance pattern. Additionally, TIS cells expressed a gene set associated with immune evasion and a potential KRAS-driven escape mechanism from TIS.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results reveal that TIS, as a transient drug resistance mechanism, could contribute to overcome the immune response and to relapse by reverting to a proliferative stage.</p>

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Therapy-induced senescence is a transient drug resistance mechanism in breast cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Eszter Bajtai,
  • Csaba Kiss,
  • Éva Bakos,
  • Tamás Langó,
  • Anna Lovrics,
  • Éva Schád,
  • Viktória Tisza,
  • Károly Hegedűs,
  • Péter Fürjes,
  • Zoltán Szabó,
  • Gábor E. Tusnády,
  • Gergely Szakács,
  • Ágnes Tantos,
  • Sándor Spisák,
  • József Tóvári,
  • András Füredi

摘要

Background

Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is considered a permanent cell cycle arrest following DNA-damaging treatments; however, its irreversibility has recently been challenged. Here, we demonstrate that escape from TIS is universal across breast cancer cells. Moreover, TIS provides a reversible drug resistance mechanism that ensures the survival of the population, and could contribute to relapse.

Methods

TIS was induced in four different breast cancer cell line with high-dose chemotherapy and cultured until cells escaped TIS. Parental, TIS and repopulating cells were analyzed by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing and surface proteomics. A genetically engineered mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer was used to prove why current senolytics cannot overcome TIS in tumors.

Results

Screening the toxicity of a diverse panel of FDA-approved anticancer drugs revealed that TIS meditates resistance to half of these compounds, despite their distinct mechanism of action. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, along with surface proteome analysis, showed that while parental and repopulating cells are almost identical, TIS cells are significantly different from both, highlighting their transient nature. Furthermore, investigating dozens of known drug resistance mechanisms offered no explanation for this unique drug resistance pattern. Additionally, TIS cells expressed a gene set associated with immune evasion and a potential KRAS-driven escape mechanism from TIS.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that TIS, as a transient drug resistance mechanism, could contribute to overcome the immune response and to relapse by reverting to a proliferative stage.