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<p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are central to tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Characterized by remarkable self-renewal and adaptability, CSCs can transition dynamically between stem-like and differentiated states in response to external stimuli, a process termed “CSC plasticity.” This adaptability underpins their resilience to therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies (ACT). Beyond intrinsic properties, CSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment—the CSC niche—which provides immune-privileged protection, sustains their stemness, and fosters immune suppression. This review highlights the critical role of CSCs and their niche in driving immunotherapy resistance, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to overcome these challenges.</p>

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Cancer stem cells and niches: challenges in immunotherapy resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Yonglong Pan,
  • Chaoyi Yuan,
  • Chenglong Zeng,
  • Chaoyang Sun,
  • Limin Xia,
  • Guihua Wang,
  • Xiaoping Chen,
  • Bixiang Zhang,
  • Jianfeng Liu,
  • Ze-yang Ding

摘要

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are central to tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Characterized by remarkable self-renewal and adaptability, CSCs can transition dynamically between stem-like and differentiated states in response to external stimuli, a process termed “CSC plasticity.” This adaptability underpins their resilience to therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies (ACT). Beyond intrinsic properties, CSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment—the CSC niche—which provides immune-privileged protection, sustains their stemness, and fosters immune suppression. This review highlights the critical role of CSCs and their niche in driving immunotherapy resistance, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to overcome these challenges.