Long-term successfull management of recurrent episodes of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an apparently healthy Chinese woman

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2024年8月3日

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Angelo Roberto Raccagni,
Giovanni Mori,
Valeria Poletti de Chaurand,
Raffaele Dell’Acqua,
Daniela Maria Cirillo,
Chiara Oltolini,
Benedetta Mazzi,
Francesco Scomazzoni,
Antonella Castagna,
Monica Guffanti

摘要

Background

Disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria (dNTM) infections are mostly reported among individuals with an underlying congenital or acquired immunodeficiency or receiving immunosuppressive treatment, but are rarely documented in otherwise healthy subjects.

Case presentation

We describe a case of recurrent disseminated mycobacterial infection in an apparently immunocompetent Chinese woman. Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium avium-complex were identified in distinct episodes. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy was administered given the occurrence of recurrent events when off-treatment. Successful management over more than 10 years and immunologic data are reported.

Conclusions

This case-report highlights that dNTM should be suspected also among apparently immunocompetent hosts and that thorough assessment of underling immune-impairments is helpful to define patients’ management. Long-term antimycobacterial therapy and close monitoring is required to grant successful outcomes in case of recurrent dNTM infections.