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Background <p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and psychosocial stress can dysregulate hormonal processes underlying fetal growth. Less is known about the effect of co-exposure to PFAS and stress on birth size.</p> Objective <p>We investigated associations of a preconception mixture of PFAS with birth size and assessed effect modification by perceived stress.</p> Methods <p>We used prospective data from 321 participants from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of 23-35-year-old women from Detroit, MI who identified as Black/African American. We quantified plasma concentrations of six PFAS in baseline blood samples using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed experience of perceived stress at baseline using the Perceived Stress Scale-4. Participants reported intervening pregnancies at follow-up visits (at ~ 20, 40, and 60 months). We calculated sex-standardized birthweight-for-gestational-age (BW-for-GA) z-scores from reported birthweight and gestational age at delivery. We employed Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to estimate associations (βs, with 95% credible intervals [CrI]) of the PFAS mixture with BW-for-GA z-scores and assess effect modification by stress scores, adjusting for confounders.</p> Results <p>The 90th percentile of the mixture (vs. 50th percentile) was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores (β = 0.37, 95% CrI=-0.20, 0.95), driven by perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and stress scores. PFHxS was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores, and this association was stronger at higher levels of perceived stress.</p> Conclusion <p>A mixture of PFAS and stress scores was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores in a cohort of Black women, with evidence of a PFHxS-stress score interaction.</p>

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A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Samantha Schildroth,
  • Birgit Claus Henn,
  • Sharonda M. Lovett,
  • Amelia K. Wesselink,
  • Yael I. Nillni,
  • Wendy Heiger-Bernays,
  • Quaker E. Harmon,
  • Anissa I. Vines,
  • Donna D. Baird,
  • Lauren A. Wise

摘要

Background

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and psychosocial stress can dysregulate hormonal processes underlying fetal growth. Less is known about the effect of co-exposure to PFAS and stress on birth size.

Objective

We investigated associations of a preconception mixture of PFAS with birth size and assessed effect modification by perceived stress.

Methods

We used prospective data from 321 participants from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of 23-35-year-old women from Detroit, MI who identified as Black/African American. We quantified plasma concentrations of six PFAS in baseline blood samples using online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed experience of perceived stress at baseline using the Perceived Stress Scale-4. Participants reported intervening pregnancies at follow-up visits (at ~ 20, 40, and 60 months). We calculated sex-standardized birthweight-for-gestational-age (BW-for-GA) z-scores from reported birthweight and gestational age at delivery. We employed Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to estimate associations (βs, with 95% credible intervals [CrI]) of the PFAS mixture with BW-for-GA z-scores and assess effect modification by stress scores, adjusting for confounders.

Results

The 90th percentile of the mixture (vs. 50th percentile) was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores (β = 0.37, 95% CrI=-0.20, 0.95), driven by perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and stress scores. PFHxS was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores, and this association was stronger at higher levels of perceived stress.

Conclusion

A mixture of PFAS and stress scores was weakly associated with higher BW-for-GA z-scores in a cohort of Black women, with evidence of a PFHxS-stress score interaction.