Introduction <p>This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of compressive stress on the growth of osteoblasts and osteoclasts through a meta-analysis of existing literature. The focus was on understanding how compressive stress affects cell proliferation, differentiation, and overall bone metabolism.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive Literature search was conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and ScienceDirect, to identify studies published between January 2000 and April 2025. The selection criteria focused on experimental studies examining the effects of compressive stress on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Data from 16 high-quality studies were extracted and analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and R 4.1.4, with subgroup analyses based on study type, stress type, and cell response.</p> Results <p>The meta-analysis found a significant positive effect of compressive stress on the growth of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In vitro studies demonstrated a stronger and more consistent effect compared to animal studies. Osteoblasts responded more significantly to compressive stress than osteoclasts. Different stress types, including compression stress and fluid shear stress, showed varying levels of impact, with compression stress having the most pronounced effects on cell growth.</p> Discussion <p>Compressive stress plays a critical role in promoting osteoblast and osteoclast growth, which has implications for bone health and metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of compressive stress as a therapeutic tool for bone-related conditions. Further research is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of compressive stress in treating bone diseases.</p>