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Background <p>There is an urgent need to implement population-based actions to prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. However, the current knowledge is limited on a prospective association of seafood intake with DM risk in Chinese adults. We aimed to determine the association between seafood consumption and the incident DM in a nationwide cohort of Chinese populations.</p> Methods <p>A prospective cohort study of 104,816 participants, free of DM, aged ≥ 40 years across various geographical regions in China was conducted at baseline (China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer study). Habitual consumptions of seafood were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and DM was diagnosed according to the WHO 1999 criteria. Primary outcomes were the incident DM, presented as hazard rations (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were examined with Cox proportional model with adjustments for relevant covariates across quartiles of seafood consumptions, with the lowest quartile as the reference. Dose-response analyses were evaluated using the restricted cubic spline regression with tests for nonlinearity.</p> Results <p>During the mean follow-up period of 3.60 years, 7,105 incident DM cases were present among the 104,816 participants. Participants at the highest quartile of seafood-consumption amount had a lower risk of DM than those at the lowest (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80–0.94). There is a steep decrease in the risk of DM with the increasing consumption of seafood within the cumulative amount of 200.00&#xa0;g/week, which further strengthened gradually thereafter (<i>P</i> for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>In the middle-aged, elderly Chinese population, higher seafood consumption was nonlinearly associated with a lower risk of incident DM, and the cutoff amount of 200.00&#xa0;g/week was appropriate.</p>

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Seafood consumption and incident diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: results from the 4 C study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Xiang Hu,
  • Liang Wang,
  • Zhi-yun Zhao,
  • Li-juan Yang,
  • Hui-hui Deng,
  • Wei Pan,
  • Meng-ying Chen,
  • Jie-li Lu,
  • Mian Li,
  • Yu Xu,
  • Min Xu,
  • Tian-ge Wang,
  • Gang Chen,
  • Qin Wan,
  • Gui-jun Qin,
  • Li Yan,
  • Gui-xia Wang,
  • Ying-fen Qin,
  • Zuo-jie Luo,
  • Xu-lei Tang,
  • Ya-nan Huo,
  • Ru-ying Hu,
  • Zhen Ye,
  • Li-xin Shi,
  • Zheng-nan Gao,
  • Qing Su,
  • Yi-ming Mu,
  • Jia-jun Zhao,
  • Lu-lu Chen,
  • Tian-shu Zeng,
  • Xue-feng Yu,
  • Qiang Li,
  • Li Chen,
  • Yin-fei Zhang,
  • You-min Wang,
  • Hua-cong Deng,
  • Chao Liu,
  • Sheng-li Wu,
  • Tao Yang,
  • Yu-fang Bi,
  • Wei-qing Wang,
  • Guang Ning,
  • Fei-xia Shen,
  • Bo Yang,
  • Xue-jiang Gu

摘要

Background

There is an urgent need to implement population-based actions to prevent diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. However, the current knowledge is limited on a prospective association of seafood intake with DM risk in Chinese adults. We aimed to determine the association between seafood consumption and the incident DM in a nationwide cohort of Chinese populations.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of 104,816 participants, free of DM, aged ≥ 40 years across various geographical regions in China was conducted at baseline (China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer study). Habitual consumptions of seafood were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and DM was diagnosed according to the WHO 1999 criteria. Primary outcomes were the incident DM, presented as hazard rations (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that were examined with Cox proportional model with adjustments for relevant covariates across quartiles of seafood consumptions, with the lowest quartile as the reference. Dose-response analyses were evaluated using the restricted cubic spline regression with tests for nonlinearity.

Results

During the mean follow-up period of 3.60 years, 7,105 incident DM cases were present among the 104,816 participants. Participants at the highest quartile of seafood-consumption amount had a lower risk of DM than those at the lowest (HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80–0.94). There is a steep decrease in the risk of DM with the increasing consumption of seafood within the cumulative amount of 200.00 g/week, which further strengthened gradually thereafter (P for nonlinearity < 0.001).

Conclusions

In the middle-aged, elderly Chinese population, higher seafood consumption was nonlinearly associated with a lower risk of incident DM, and the cutoff amount of 200.00 g/week was appropriate.