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Background <p>The understanding of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the links between DEF, NFD, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p> Methods <p>The research involved 11,153 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. The evaluation of DEF and NFD was conducted through interviews focusing on dietary recalls spanning 24&#xa0;h. DEF refers to the overall number of times individuals eat throughout the day, whereas NFD indicates the duration between the last and first meal of the day. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established through the application of the US fatty liver index (USFLI). A weighted logistic regression model investigated the connection between DEF, NFD, and NAFLD.</p> Results <p>After full adjustment, participants with DEF ≤ 3 times exhibited a 21% higher risk of NAFLD than those with DEF &gt; 4.5 times (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.45). Similarly, individuals with NFD ≥ 14&#xa0;h were 26% more likely to develop NAFLD than those with NFD ≤ 10&#xa0;h (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.53). The effect of DEF on NAFLD risk was more evident in participants without T2D and with low fibrosis risk, whereas the adverse impact of NFD was particularly pronounced among those younger than 60 years.</p> Conclusion <p>DEF below 3 times and NFD exceeding 14&#xa0;h were significantly linked to a heightened risk of developing NAFLD.</p>

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Daily eating frequency, nighttime fasting duration, and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Liyu Yang,
  • Xuehong Tie,
  • Xinyang Liu,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Fuyu Li,
  • Yang Guo,
  • Yingjian Liang

摘要

Background

The understanding of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the links between DEF, NFD, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

The research involved 11,153 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. The evaluation of DEF and NFD was conducted through interviews focusing on dietary recalls spanning 24 h. DEF refers to the overall number of times individuals eat throughout the day, whereas NFD indicates the duration between the last and first meal of the day. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established through the application of the US fatty liver index (USFLI). A weighted logistic regression model investigated the connection between DEF, NFD, and NAFLD.

Results

After full adjustment, participants with DEF ≤ 3 times exhibited a 21% higher risk of NAFLD than those with DEF > 4.5 times (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.45). Similarly, individuals with NFD ≥ 14 h were 26% more likely to develop NAFLD than those with NFD ≤ 10 h (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04–1.53). The effect of DEF on NAFLD risk was more evident in participants without T2D and with low fibrosis risk, whereas the adverse impact of NFD was particularly pronounced among those younger than 60 years.

Conclusion

DEF below 3 times and NFD exceeding 14 h were significantly linked to a heightened risk of developing NAFLD.