Scholarlink

Background <p>Pyrethroid resistance in <i>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</i> compromises malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, resistance has been documented for over two decades, but the geographic distribution of emerging mutations such as N1575Y remains poorly characterized. This study investigated pyrethroid susceptibility, kdr mutations, and metabolic resistance mechanisms across twelve communes spanning a south–north transect of the country. </p> Methods <p>Larvae were collected from twelve sites between January 2024 and January 2025, reared to adults, and tested for susceptibility to deltamethrin (0.05%) and alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using WHO tube assays. Molecular species were identified by PCR, kdr mutations (L1014F, N1575Y) detected by TaqMan genotyping, and enzymatic activities (oxidases, esterases, GSTs) quantified through biochemical assays.</p> Results <p>All populations showed high resistance to pyrethroids, with mortality consistently below 60%. <i>An. coluzzii</i> predominated (58.2%), followed by <i>An. gambiae</i> s.s. (39.2%) and <i>An. arabiensis</i> (2.8%). The L1014F mutation was highly prevalent across all communes (50–100%), while N1575Y was detected in six communes at frequencies ranging from 1 to 10%. Detoxification enzymes were significantly overexpressed compared to the Kisumu reference strain, confirming the contribution of metabolic resistance.</p> Conclusions <p>This large-scale survey confirms widespread pyrethroid resistance in <i>An. gambiae</i> s.l. across Benin, driven by both <i>kdr</i> mutations and metabolic mechanisms. The heterogeneous distribution of N1575Y highlights localized selection pressures and its emerging role in resistance intensification. These findings emphasize the urgent need to deploy PBO-based or dual-active ingredient LLINs, strengthen molecular surveillance, and implement integrated resistance management strategies to sustain malaria control in Benin.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Pyrethroids resistance and distribution of kdr mutations (L1014F and N1575Y) in Anopheles gambiae s.l. along the south-north transect of Benin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月10日

查看全文
  • Razaki A. Ossé,
  • Steve Zinsou Hougbe,
  • Minassou Juvenal Ahouandjinou,
  • Aboubacar Sidick,
  • Zul-kifl Affolabi,
  • Koffi Djigbodi Koumodji,
  • Filémon Tokponnon,
  • Rock Aikpon,
  • Arthur Sovi,
  • Haziz A. Sina Orou,
  • Lamine Baba-Moussa,
  • Martin Akogbeto

摘要

Background

Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. compromises malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benin, resistance has been documented for over two decades, but the geographic distribution of emerging mutations such as N1575Y remains poorly characterized. This study investigated pyrethroid susceptibility, kdr mutations, and metabolic resistance mechanisms across twelve communes spanning a south–north transect of the country.

Methods

Larvae were collected from twelve sites between January 2024 and January 2025, reared to adults, and tested for susceptibility to deltamethrin (0.05%) and alphacypermethrin (0.05%) using WHO tube assays. Molecular species were identified by PCR, kdr mutations (L1014F, N1575Y) detected by TaqMan genotyping, and enzymatic activities (oxidases, esterases, GSTs) quantified through biochemical assays.

Results

All populations showed high resistance to pyrethroids, with mortality consistently below 60%. An. coluzzii predominated (58.2%), followed by An. gambiae s.s. (39.2%) and An. arabiensis (2.8%). The L1014F mutation was highly prevalent across all communes (50–100%), while N1575Y was detected in six communes at frequencies ranging from 1 to 10%. Detoxification enzymes were significantly overexpressed compared to the Kisumu reference strain, confirming the contribution of metabolic resistance.

Conclusions

This large-scale survey confirms widespread pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae s.l. across Benin, driven by both kdr mutations and metabolic mechanisms. The heterogeneous distribution of N1575Y highlights localized selection pressures and its emerging role in resistance intensification. These findings emphasize the urgent need to deploy PBO-based or dual-active ingredient LLINs, strengthen molecular surveillance, and implement integrated resistance management strategies to sustain malaria control in Benin.