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Background <p>Migrant populations from malaria-endemic countries pose challenges to elimination efforts in low-transmission settings. This study assessed <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>-specific antibody responses and associated sociodemographic and behavioral determinants among short-term Myanmar migrants in Thailand.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March–April 2025 among 300 short-term Myanmar migrants in six malaria high-burden villages of Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected via structured questionnaires. Finger-prick dried blood spots were collected to quantify IgG responses to eight <i>P. vivax</i> antigens using a multiplexed Luminex assay. Predicted recent exposure was defined using a previously developed and validated random forest classification algorithm, applying a 95% specificity threshold. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with predicted recent exposure, while linear regression models examined associations with a composite antibody score representing overall seroreactivity across multiple antigens.</p> Results <p>Among 294 PCR-negative participants, 104 (35.4%) were predicted as recently exposed. In multivariable logistic models, higher odds of predicted recent exposure were observed for age 30–39&#xa0;years (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.15–8.80), secondary education or above (aOR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.09–10.3), and Karen ethnicity (aOR = 3.68, 95% CI 1.42–10.0). Protective factors included seasonal (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.95) and temporary work (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08–0.84), and income &gt; 5,000 THB (aOR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.45). Exposure was also higher among those living &gt; 15&#xa0;min from a health facility (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.00–4.43) and with negative malaria attitudes (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.04–4.03). Higher composite antibody levels were observed among males (β = 1.17, 95% CI 0.07–2.28, <i>p</i> = 0.038), older participants (β = 0.12/year, 95% CI 0.08–0.17, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and agricultural workers (β = 2.58, 95% CI 0.01–5.14, <i>p</i> = 0.049). In contrast, higher income (β = − 3.83 per 10,000 THB, 95% CI − 6.28 to − 1.37, <i>p</i> = 0.002), longer stay (β =  − 0.02/day, 95% CI − 0.04 to − 0.00, <i>p</i> = 0.025), and weekly returns to Myanmar (β = − 2.44, 95% CI − 4.14 to − 0.74, <i>p</i> = 0.005) were associated with lower antibody levels.</p> Conclusions <p>Among PCR-negative short-term migrants, one-third showed evidence of predicted recent <i>P. vivax</i> exposure. Antibody levels varied by demographic, occupational, and mobility-related factors, supporting the use of sero-surveillance to inform border elimination strategies.</p>

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Sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses among short-term Myanmar migrants in Thailand

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Piyarat Sripoorote,
  • Nichakan Inthitanon,
  • Yupaporn Wattanagoon,
  • Pailene S. Lim,
  • Liwang Cui,
  • Jetsumon Sattabongkot,
  • Daniel M. Parker,
  • Wang Nguitragool,
  • Sadudee Chotirat,
  • Rhea J. Longley,
  • Pyae Linn Aung

摘要

Background

Migrant populations from malaria-endemic countries pose challenges to elimination efforts in low-transmission settings. This study assessed Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses and associated sociodemographic and behavioral determinants among short-term Myanmar migrants in Thailand.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March–April 2025 among 300 short-term Myanmar migrants in six malaria high-burden villages of Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected via structured questionnaires. Finger-prick dried blood spots were collected to quantify IgG responses to eight P. vivax antigens using a multiplexed Luminex assay. Predicted recent exposure was defined using a previously developed and validated random forest classification algorithm, applying a 95% specificity threshold. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with predicted recent exposure, while linear regression models examined associations with a composite antibody score representing overall seroreactivity across multiple antigens.

Results

Among 294 PCR-negative participants, 104 (35.4%) were predicted as recently exposed. In multivariable logistic models, higher odds of predicted recent exposure were observed for age 30–39 years (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.15–8.80), secondary education or above (aOR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.09–10.3), and Karen ethnicity (aOR = 3.68, 95% CI 1.42–10.0). Protective factors included seasonal (aOR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08–0.95) and temporary work (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08–0.84), and income > 5,000 THB (aOR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.45). Exposure was also higher among those living > 15 min from a health facility (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.00–4.43) and with negative malaria attitudes (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.04–4.03). Higher composite antibody levels were observed among males (β = 1.17, 95% CI 0.07–2.28, p = 0.038), older participants (β = 0.12/year, 95% CI 0.08–0.17, p < 0.001), and agricultural workers (β = 2.58, 95% CI 0.01–5.14, p = 0.049). In contrast, higher income (β = − 3.83 per 10,000 THB, 95% CI − 6.28 to − 1.37, p = 0.002), longer stay (β =  − 0.02/day, 95% CI − 0.04 to − 0.00, p = 0.025), and weekly returns to Myanmar (β = − 2.44, 95% CI − 4.14 to − 0.74, p = 0.005) were associated with lower antibody levels.

Conclusions

Among PCR-negative short-term migrants, one-third showed evidence of predicted recent P. vivax exposure. Antibody levels varied by demographic, occupational, and mobility-related factors, supporting the use of sero-surveillance to inform border elimination strategies.