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Background <p>Uganda remains one of the highest malaria burden countries globally, with refugee populations disproportionately affected. While government-led initiatives, such as free distribution of insecticide-treatesd nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying, are key to the vector control response, limited data exist on the role of retail markets in providing complementary mosquito control products (MCPs) in refugee settings.</p> Methods <p>As part of the Advancing Evidence for the Global Implementation of Spatial Repellents project, we conducted a retail audit across 61 refugee and host community villages in Bidibidi refugee settlement area in northwestern Uganda. The audit consisted of two phases: a mapping of all retail outlets (n = 828) and a cross-sectional survey of a sub-set of retail outlets currently stocking or that had previously stocked MCPs in the six months prior to the mapping (n = 252) to characterize MCP availability, sales, supply chains, and perceived profitability. Data were collected using electronic structured questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistics for quantitative and thematic coding of qualitative responses.</p> Results <p>Among the outlets surveyed, 65.4% currently sell MCPs. Incense sticks with insecticide were stocked most (56.4% of outlets), followed by adult ITNs (29.1%) and non-insecticidal incense sticks (27.3%). Most outlets restocked products at least monthly, mainly sourcing MCPs from local wholesale suppliers. Respondents reported seasonal spikes in sales and demand during rainy months, and they identified perceived profitability and community health benefits as key motivators for stocking MCPs. However, limited capital, unreliable supply chains, and lack of product knowledge were identified as barriers.</p> Conclusion <p>The availability, selection, and perceived profitability of MCPs suggests a viable market for MCPs and a gap in protection or preference that consumers are looking to fill in the Bidibidi refugee settlement area. These findings highlight the potential of engaging the private sector in humanitarian contexts to inform the strategic introduction of new tools, such as spatial repellents.</p>

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A retail audit of mosquito control products in Bidibidi refugee settlement, northwestern Uganda

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月18日

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  • Kaci D. McCoy,
  • Esther Nakyaze,
  • Samantha W. Tsang,
  • Amy A. Ellis,
  • Mary Grace Alwano,
  • Olive D’Mello,
  • Suzanne Van Hulle,
  • Steve A Harvey,
  • Danielle Piccinini Black,
  • Jarvice Sekajja

摘要

Background

Uganda remains one of the highest malaria burden countries globally, with refugee populations disproportionately affected. While government-led initiatives, such as free distribution of insecticide-treatesd nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying, are key to the vector control response, limited data exist on the role of retail markets in providing complementary mosquito control products (MCPs) in refugee settings.

Methods

As part of the Advancing Evidence for the Global Implementation of Spatial Repellents project, we conducted a retail audit across 61 refugee and host community villages in Bidibidi refugee settlement area in northwestern Uganda. The audit consisted of two phases: a mapping of all retail outlets (n = 828) and a cross-sectional survey of a sub-set of retail outlets currently stocking or that had previously stocked MCPs in the six months prior to the mapping (n = 252) to characterize MCP availability, sales, supply chains, and perceived profitability. Data were collected using electronic structured questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistics for quantitative and thematic coding of qualitative responses.

Results

Among the outlets surveyed, 65.4% currently sell MCPs. Incense sticks with insecticide were stocked most (56.4% of outlets), followed by adult ITNs (29.1%) and non-insecticidal incense sticks (27.3%). Most outlets restocked products at least monthly, mainly sourcing MCPs from local wholesale suppliers. Respondents reported seasonal spikes in sales and demand during rainy months, and they identified perceived profitability and community health benefits as key motivators for stocking MCPs. However, limited capital, unreliable supply chains, and lack of product knowledge were identified as barriers.

Conclusion

The availability, selection, and perceived profitability of MCPs suggests a viable market for MCPs and a gap in protection or preference that consumers are looking to fill in the Bidibidi refugee settlement area. These findings highlight the potential of engaging the private sector in humanitarian contexts to inform the strategic introduction of new tools, such as spatial repellents.