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Background <p>The abyssal environment is characterized by extreme conditions such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), low temperature, and high salinity, which affects the protein synthesis of filamentous fungi. The targeted extracellular enzyme regulation mechanism plays a key role in maintaining its survival and colonization in extreme environments. Compared to prokaryotes, studies on the characteristics of extracellular enzymes in abyssal fungi and their role in carbon-nitrogen coupling metabolism remain limited. In this study, we systematically explored the chitinase-producing activity and catalytic efficiency of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> FDZ8Y1, a filamentous fungus derived from sediments in the Mariana Trench, in different environments. Transcriptome analysis was used to further investigate the changes of chitinase-related energy metabolism in response to HHP.</p> Results <p>Through gradient environmental stress assays (temperature/salinity/HHP) and comparative enzymatic profiling with congeneric strains, <i>P. lilacinum</i> FDZ8Y1 demonstrates remarkable cold tolerance, salt tolerance, and pressure-responsive characteristics in both enzyme production and catalytic efficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes encoding chitinases and the metabolic activities related to chitin degradation and utilization play a pivotal role in the response of this fungus to HHP. HHP stimulation activated the expression of chitinase gene in this fungus, the regulation of cell wall components, as well as key metabolic pathways such as glycolytic - galactose metabolism, fatty acid β -oxidation, and nitrate reductase-mediated nitrogen metabolism.</p> Conclusions <p>Our research identified the excellent chitinase activity characteristics of <i>P. lilacinum</i> FDZ8Y1 under low temperature and high pressure, identified the metabolic pathway transformation of this fungus in response to HHP, explored the metabolic response models related to chitin degradation and utilization under these conditions, and further analyzed the functional correlations of these metabolic adaptations. This information provides a new idea and direction for further understanding the functional adaptability of deep-sea fungi and exploring the enzyme resources of deep-sea microorganisms.</p>

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High hydrostatic pressure enhances chitinase activity and reveals metabolic regulation via transcriptomics in an abyssal fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum FDZ8Y1

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Shenao Hu,
  • Yongqi Li,
  • Shicong Wan,
  • Guangzhao Hu,
  • Yu Xiao,
  • Jiasong Fang,
  • Xi Yu

摘要

Background

The abyssal environment is characterized by extreme conditions such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), low temperature, and high salinity, which affects the protein synthesis of filamentous fungi. The targeted extracellular enzyme regulation mechanism plays a key role in maintaining its survival and colonization in extreme environments. Compared to prokaryotes, studies on the characteristics of extracellular enzymes in abyssal fungi and their role in carbon-nitrogen coupling metabolism remain limited. In this study, we systematically explored the chitinase-producing activity and catalytic efficiency of Purpureocillium lilacinum FDZ8Y1, a filamentous fungus derived from sediments in the Mariana Trench, in different environments. Transcriptome analysis was used to further investigate the changes of chitinase-related energy metabolism in response to HHP.

Results

Through gradient environmental stress assays (temperature/salinity/HHP) and comparative enzymatic profiling with congeneric strains, P. lilacinum FDZ8Y1 demonstrates remarkable cold tolerance, salt tolerance, and pressure-responsive characteristics in both enzyme production and catalytic efficiency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes encoding chitinases and the metabolic activities related to chitin degradation and utilization play a pivotal role in the response of this fungus to HHP. HHP stimulation activated the expression of chitinase gene in this fungus, the regulation of cell wall components, as well as key metabolic pathways such as glycolytic - galactose metabolism, fatty acid β -oxidation, and nitrate reductase-mediated nitrogen metabolism.

Conclusions

Our research identified the excellent chitinase activity characteristics of P. lilacinum FDZ8Y1 under low temperature and high pressure, identified the metabolic pathway transformation of this fungus in response to HHP, explored the metabolic response models related to chitin degradation and utilization under these conditions, and further analyzed the functional correlations of these metabolic adaptations. This information provides a new idea and direction for further understanding the functional adaptability of deep-sea fungi and exploring the enzyme resources of deep-sea microorganisms.