<p>Biosynthesis of CdSe quantum dots is the process of converting metal ions into semiconductor nanomaterials. Studies have shown that CdSe quantum dots synthesized by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> are rich in ribosomal proteins, but the role of ribosomal proteins in the synthesis of CdSe quantum dots remains unclear. In this paper, ribosomal proteins enriched during the synthesis of CdSe quantum dots by <i>S. cerevisiae</i> were screened, and their effects on the synthesis of quantum dots were detected by gene knockout and over-expression. The results reveal that ribosomal protein RPL14B is involved in the synthesis of quantum dots. RPL14B binds cadmium ions during the nucleation of CdSe quantum dots and acts as a template, ultimately regulating the particle size of CdSe quantum dots by change the incubation time of CdCl₂. In summary, this study elucidates the mechanism of ribosomal protein RPL14B regulation of CdSe quantum dot biosynthesis, laying a foundation for the precise regulation of CdSe quantum dot synthesis.</p>