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Background <p><i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> is a well-known pathogen of swine dysentery, a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs. While several <i>Brachyspira</i> species are reported in dogs, natural <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> detection in dogs is extremely rare. This case report aims to provide insight into the pathogenic potential and clinical significance of <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> in dogs.</p> Case presentation <p>A 5-year-old male mongrel dog was presented with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea shortly after being adopted from a shelter, where he had a history of soft stools. The faeces were watery, containing fresh blood and fibrinous mucus. Initial wet mount and faecal flotation tests were negative for parasites or ova, but faecal smear cytology revealed diverse bacterial morphologies, including chevron- and spiral-shaped forms. Real-time PCR identified <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> with a low Ct value (27.19), alongside <i>Campylobacter coli</i>, <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>, canine astrovirus and <i>Cystoisospora</i>. The dog was treated with enrofloxacin, metronidazole, and fenbendazole, leading to complete resolution of haematochezia and gradual normalization of stool consistency. Follow-up real-time PCR confirmed the absence of all previously detected pathogens, and the patient remained asymptomatic.</p> Conclusions <p>This case suggests that <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i>, traditionally regarded as a swine-specific pathogen, may contribute to gastrointestinal disease in dogs. However, because confirmatory bacterial culture was not performed and multiple enteropathogens were detected concurrently, a definitive association between <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> and the observed haemorrhagic diarrhoea cannot be established. Nevertheless, it highlights the importance of considering <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> in unexplained cases of infectious diarrhoea in dogs, particularly regarding mixed infections. These findings also raise concerns regarding potential interspecies transmission and associated biosecurity risks. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding of diagnostic strategies, treatment approaches and antibiotic resistance patterns.</p>

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Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detected in a dog with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea: a case report

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Hyeji Jeong,
  • Hyojin An,
  • Doo-sung Cheon,
  • Won-Kyoung Yoon,
  • Yein Oh

摘要

Background

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a well-known pathogen of swine dysentery, a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs. While several Brachyspira species are reported in dogs, natural Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detection in dogs is extremely rare. This case report aims to provide insight into the pathogenic potential and clinical significance of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in dogs.

Case presentation

A 5-year-old male mongrel dog was presented with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea shortly after being adopted from a shelter, where he had a history of soft stools. The faeces were watery, containing fresh blood and fibrinous mucus. Initial wet mount and faecal flotation tests were negative for parasites or ova, but faecal smear cytology revealed diverse bacterial morphologies, including chevron- and spiral-shaped forms. Real-time PCR identified Brachyspira hyodysenteriae with a low Ct value (27.19), alongside Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, canine astrovirus and Cystoisospora. The dog was treated with enrofloxacin, metronidazole, and fenbendazole, leading to complete resolution of haematochezia and gradual normalization of stool consistency. Follow-up real-time PCR confirmed the absence of all previously detected pathogens, and the patient remained asymptomatic.

Conclusions

This case suggests that Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, traditionally regarded as a swine-specific pathogen, may contribute to gastrointestinal disease in dogs. However, because confirmatory bacterial culture was not performed and multiple enteropathogens were detected concurrently, a definitive association between Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the observed haemorrhagic diarrhoea cannot be established. Nevertheless, it highlights the importance of considering Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in unexplained cases of infectious diarrhoea in dogs, particularly regarding mixed infections. These findings also raise concerns regarding potential interspecies transmission and associated biosecurity risks. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding of diagnostic strategies, treatment approaches and antibiotic resistance patterns.