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<p>Sheep fascioliasis causes considerable economic losses globally, yet risk factors for infection in Andes Highlands remain poorly characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the risk factors of sheep fascioliasis in rural communities of the Southern highlands of Peru. Data on farm and animal characteristics, management practices, and water sources were collected. Stool samples were geographically tagged and examined microscopically for <i>Fasciola</i> and other parasites eggs. A total of 3,518 sheep from 268 farms were evaluated, of which 40.6% (1,429/3,518) were infected with <i>F. hepatica</i>. Whereas 73.6% (2,591/3,518) harbored other non-<i>Fasciola</i> parasites. Infected sheep were typically older (2.72 ± 1.7 vs 2.25 ± 1.6; <i>p &lt;</i> 0.001), had lower body condition scores (2.08 ± 0.6 vs 2.16 ± 0.6; <i>p &lt;</i> 0.001), and often had prior treatment for fascioliasis (50.9% vs 49.1%; <i>p &lt;</i> 0.001). Farms with infected sheep tended to have larger flock sizes (OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.007–1.119; <i>p =</i> 0.027) and use irrigation water as a water source (OR 2.359, 95%CI 1.000–5.563; <i>p =</i> 0.050), whereas were less likely to have more family members (OR 0.690, 95%CI 0.542–0.878; <i>p =</i> 0.003) or rely on artificial canals (OR 0.379, 95%CI 0.155–0.926; <i>p =</i> 0.033) than those without infection. Spatial analysis revealed heterogeneous infection distribution across the study regions. Further research is needed to validate our findings in fascioliasis transmission in the Peruvian highlands.</p>

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Spatial analysis of sheep fascioliasis in rural communities of the Southern highlands of Peru

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Melinda B. Tanabe,
  • Maria Luisa Morales,
  • Beltran Jalanocca-Janampa,
  • Cristian Hoban,
  • Cesar A. Murga-Moreno,
  • Jose L. Alccacontor,
  • David Ruiz-Pérez,
  • Carol Castro,
  • Dayana M. Terrones-Cerna,
  • Maricarmen Sequeiros,
  • Ana M. Fernández-Sánchez,
  • Patricia Silva Mallma Salazar,
  • Cesar P. Cárcamo,
  • Pedro Ortiz,
  • Miguel M. Cabada,
  • Martha V. Fernández-Baca,
  • Inna E. Rios,
  • Felix R. Meza,
  • Rodrigo A. Ore,
  • Eulogia Arque,
  • Martin Montes,
  • Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez,
  • A. Clinton White Jr

摘要

Sheep fascioliasis causes considerable economic losses globally, yet risk factors for infection in Andes Highlands remain poorly characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the risk factors of sheep fascioliasis in rural communities of the Southern highlands of Peru. Data on farm and animal characteristics, management practices, and water sources were collected. Stool samples were geographically tagged and examined microscopically for Fasciola and other parasites eggs. A total of 3,518 sheep from 268 farms were evaluated, of which 40.6% (1,429/3,518) were infected with F. hepatica. Whereas 73.6% (2,591/3,518) harbored other non-Fasciola parasites. Infected sheep were typically older (2.72 ± 1.7 vs 2.25 ± 1.6; p < 0.001), had lower body condition scores (2.08 ± 0.6 vs 2.16 ± 0.6; p < 0.001), and often had prior treatment for fascioliasis (50.9% vs 49.1%; p < 0.001). Farms with infected sheep tended to have larger flock sizes (OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.007–1.119; p = 0.027) and use irrigation water as a water source (OR 2.359, 95%CI 1.000–5.563; p = 0.050), whereas were less likely to have more family members (OR 0.690, 95%CI 0.542–0.878; p = 0.003) or rely on artificial canals (OR 0.379, 95%CI 0.155–0.926; p = 0.033) than those without infection. Spatial analysis revealed heterogeneous infection distribution across the study regions. Further research is needed to validate our findings in fascioliasis transmission in the Peruvian highlands.