Efficacy of H₂O₂ inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 vaccine in mice

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), which has brought huge economic losses to the world's cattle industry. At present, commercial inactivated BVDV vaccines may cause some adverse reactions during use. This study aims to develop a safer and more efficient inactivated BVDV vaccine.

Here, we described the generation and preclinical efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) inactivated BVDV type 1 vaccine in mice, and administered it separately with commercial vaccine (formaldehyde inactivated) in mice to study its efficacy.

The BVDV type 1 IgG, IFN- γ, IL-4 and neutralizing antibody in the serum of the H₂O₂ inactivated vaccine group can be maintained in mice for 70 days. The IgG level reached its maximum value of 0.67 on the 42nd day, significantly higher than the commercial formaldehyde inactivated BVDV type 1 vaccine. IFN- γ and IL-4 reached their maximum values on the 28th day after immunization, at 123.16 pg/ml and 143.80 pg/ml, respectively, slightly higher than commercial vaccines, but the effect was not significant. At the same time the BVDV—1 neutralizing antibody titer reached a maximum of 12 Nu on the 42nd day post vaccination.

The H₂O₂ inactivated BVDV vaccine has good safety and immunogenicity, which provides a potential solution for the further development of an efficient and safe BVDV vaccine.