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Background <p>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cardiovascular health concern. In addition to metabolic and behavioral risks, diesel particulate matter (DPM), with a widely exposed population, is an important external environmental risk factor for IHD. However, the effect biomarkers used to diagnose DPM-caused IHD and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the biomarkers and underlying mechanisms of DPM in relation to myocardial hypoxia injury.</p> Methods <p>This study applied a unique population of diesel engine testers with stable DPM exposure. Electrocardiogram examination, echocardiogram examination, serum levels of myocardial enzymes, and 6-min walking test were used for the myocardial risks assessment. A mouse model exposed to occupational environmental DPM dose and in vitro models of DPM-induced myocardial hypoxia injury were used for assessment of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism via the oxygraph-2k system, western blotting, and kits. Ion fluorescence probes, ion supplements, and mitochondrial RNA splicing protein 2 (Mrs2) overexpression transfection were used in further investigations and verifications of the mechanism of mitochondrial Mg<sup>2+</sup> deficiency.</p> Results <p>We identified compromised myocardial mitochondrial aerobic metabolism as a precursor biomarker for the cardiac risk of myocardial hypertrophy and hypoxia injury in DPM exposure. DPM induce mitochondrial Mg<sup>2+</sup> deficiency of cardiomyocytes, which in turn disrupt the mitochondrial aerobic metabolism processes, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis. Mg<sup>2+</sup> deficiency is mediated by the disruption of Mg<sup>2+</sup> transport proteins, such as DPM-enhanced hyperubiquitination and degradation of Mrs2, a protein responsible for mitochondrial Mg<sup>2+</sup> uptake.</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings show that compromised mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, associated with Mg<sup>2+</sup> deficiency, serves as a critical biomarker for DPM-induced IHD and represents a promising investigative avenue for intervention.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Disability in mitochondrial aerobic metabolism and Mg2+ transport: linking biomarkers and mechanisms of ischemic heart disease to diesel particulate matter exposure

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Ze Zhang,
  • Gan Miao,
  • Juan Ma,
  • Ziyuan Li,
  • Chuer Zheng,
  • Jian Ding,
  • Hao Yin,
  • Xiangcheng Cui,
  • Shoujie Dai,
  • Rifat Zubair Ahmed,
  • Yong Niu,
  • Shanfa Yu,
  • Xiaoting Jin,
  • Yuxin Zheng

摘要

Background

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cardiovascular health concern. In addition to metabolic and behavioral risks, diesel particulate matter (DPM), with a widely exposed population, is an important external environmental risk factor for IHD. However, the effect biomarkers used to diagnose DPM-caused IHD and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the biomarkers and underlying mechanisms of DPM in relation to myocardial hypoxia injury.

Methods

This study applied a unique population of diesel engine testers with stable DPM exposure. Electrocardiogram examination, echocardiogram examination, serum levels of myocardial enzymes, and 6-min walking test were used for the myocardial risks assessment. A mouse model exposed to occupational environmental DPM dose and in vitro models of DPM-induced myocardial hypoxia injury were used for assessment of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism via the oxygraph-2k system, western blotting, and kits. Ion fluorescence probes, ion supplements, and mitochondrial RNA splicing protein 2 (Mrs2) overexpression transfection were used in further investigations and verifications of the mechanism of mitochondrial Mg2+ deficiency.

Results

We identified compromised myocardial mitochondrial aerobic metabolism as a precursor biomarker for the cardiac risk of myocardial hypertrophy and hypoxia injury in DPM exposure. DPM induce mitochondrial Mg2+ deficiency of cardiomyocytes, which in turn disrupt the mitochondrial aerobic metabolism processes, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis. Mg2+ deficiency is mediated by the disruption of Mg2+ transport proteins, such as DPM-enhanced hyperubiquitination and degradation of Mrs2, a protein responsible for mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake.

Conclusions

Our findings show that compromised mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, associated with Mg2+ deficiency, serves as a critical biomarker for DPM-induced IHD and represents a promising investigative avenue for intervention.

Graphical Abstract