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Background <p>The Norwegian lemming (<i>Lemmus lemmus</i>) is a small rodent endemic to the Fennoscandian alpine and arctic tundra. The species is known for cyclic population outbreaks and mass movements during peak years. Previous research based on microsatellites revealed high genetic variation but a weak population structure in the Norwegian lemming.</p> Results <p>In this study, we revisit the population structure of the species using genome-wide data. To do this, we generated a high-quality de novo reference genome for <i>Lemmus lemmus</i>, and resequenced genomes to 2.5–5 × coverage, from 86 lemmings sampled across the species’ entire geographic distribution. Our results reveal that the population is geographically structured into distinct subpopulations, with an overall pattern characterised by isolation-by-distance among subpopulations. Furthermore, our results are consistent with earlier work suggesting that the species survived the last ice age within a northern refugium.</p> Conclusions <p>Together, these findings provide a genome-wide perspective on today’s population structure of the Norwegian lemming. In addition, we provide a de novo reference genome, which we believe will be a valuable resource to the research community.</p>

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Whole genomes reveal subpopulations and isolation-by-distance patterns in the Norwegian lemming

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Isabelle Sofie Feinauer,
  • Francesco Ravasini,
  • Vendela Kempe Lagerholm,
  • Johannes Måsviken,
  • Remi-Andre Olsen,
  • Lucile Soler,
  • Estelle Proux-Wera,
  • Ignas Bunikis,
  • Henrik Lantz,
  • Kerstin Lindblad-Toh,
  • Dorothee Ehrich,
  • Rolf A. Ims,
  • Heikki Henttonen,
  • Nina E. Eide,
  • Øystein Flagstad,
  • Karin Norén,
  • Anders Angerbjörn,
  • Love Dalén

摘要

Background

The Norwegian lemming (Lemmus lemmus) is a small rodent endemic to the Fennoscandian alpine and arctic tundra. The species is known for cyclic population outbreaks and mass movements during peak years. Previous research based on microsatellites revealed high genetic variation but a weak population structure in the Norwegian lemming.

Results

In this study, we revisit the population structure of the species using genome-wide data. To do this, we generated a high-quality de novo reference genome for Lemmus lemmus, and resequenced genomes to 2.5–5 × coverage, from 86 lemmings sampled across the species’ entire geographic distribution. Our results reveal that the population is geographically structured into distinct subpopulations, with an overall pattern characterised by isolation-by-distance among subpopulations. Furthermore, our results are consistent with earlier work suggesting that the species survived the last ice age within a northern refugium.

Conclusions

Together, these findings provide a genome-wide perspective on today’s population structure of the Norwegian lemming. In addition, we provide a de novo reference genome, which we believe will be a valuable resource to the research community.