Background <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented challenges on healthcare systems worldwide, significantly impacting human resources for health (HRH). This study aims to explore and analyze the policies related to HRH in Iran during the pandemic from the perspective of health experts.</p> Methods <p>A qualitative study employing framework analysis was conducted. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 18 health experts from Mashhad, Iran, selected via purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the Walt and Gilson policy triangle framework, focusing on policy context, content, process, and actors.</p> Results <p>Five main themes emerged: shortage of human resources, motivation of human resources, supportive facilities, financial support, and workforce valuation. Severe staffing shortages, exacerbated by high infection rates among healthcare workers, led to prolonged shifts and compromised care quality. Strategies to address these issues included staff redeployment, volunteer recruitment, and improvement of digital health services. However, insufficient financial incentives and unmet promises of job security diminished motivation, while a lack of supportive facilities and psychological assistance heightened staff burnout.</p> Conclusion <p>The study reveals severe challenges for Iran’s healthcare workforce during COVID-19, such as staff shortages, low motivation, and insufficient support, impacting healthcare delivery and worker well-being. It calls for robust policies, including strategic recruitment, enhanced training, and motivational support. Engaging frontline staff is crucial to building a resilient health system, ensuring preparedness for future crises.</p>