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Background/objectives <p>Visual Electro-Diagnostic Testing (EDTs) are a highly specialised service in the NHS. The high cost of tests and a paucity of trained visual electrophysiologists has resulted in very few services across the UK and, when combined with increasing patient backlogs, has caused significant travel burden and variable waiting times. Here, we study the potential for impact on patients and services by adding a screening step to traditional referral pathways using an Electroretinogram (ERG) test from a relatively inexpensive, portable, hand-held EDT device; the RETeval<sup>®</sup> (LKC technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).</p> Subjects/methods <p>We model a large regional-referral EDT service using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) modelling based on retrospective patient data and published best evidence for the device. We evaluate the potential impact that adding the screening step in referral pathways could have on patient waiting times should the device prove to be safe and useable in clinical practice.</p> Results <p>We demonstrate that should the RETeval<sup>®</sup> ERG be safe and useable in real-world clinical practice, it has the potential to significantly reduce patient waiting times by avoiding lab-based EDT assessment for up to 45% of patients. We also show that the impact on services and patients is likely to be resilient to realistic changes in referral numbers, sensitivity/specificity of the device and changes in clinical capacity.</p> Conclusions <p>This work demonstrates that a RETeval<sup>®</sup> ERG screening step, performed at the point of referral, has the potential to result in significantly reduced EDT waiting lists through fewer patients requiring lab-based EDT assessment and that DES modelling is a useful tool in making this assessment. However, many questions remain about using the device in the real-world setting for this purpose. Future studies are needed to assess its sensitivity/specificity, test/retest variability, changes in referral patterns due to the device, useability, acceptability to patients and importantly, the consequences of screening errors. Our work, using only retrospective data and a DES model, shows that using the device as an ERG screening tool warrants further investigation due to the potential impact on both patients and clinical services.</p>

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Could a hand-held, visual electrophysiology device theoretically reduce diagnostic waiting times for complex eye conditions in the NHS? A Discrete Event Simulation (DES) modelling study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Steffen Bayer,
  • Daniel Garillo,
  • Marion Penn,
  • Maria Chorozoglou,
  • Sally Brailsford,
  • Eloise Keeling,
  • Fatima Shawkat,
  • Perry Carter,
  • Helena Lee,
  • Jay E. Self

摘要

Background/objectives

Visual Electro-Diagnostic Testing (EDTs) are a highly specialised service in the NHS. The high cost of tests and a paucity of trained visual electrophysiologists has resulted in very few services across the UK and, when combined with increasing patient backlogs, has caused significant travel burden and variable waiting times. Here, we study the potential for impact on patients and services by adding a screening step to traditional referral pathways using an Electroretinogram (ERG) test from a relatively inexpensive, portable, hand-held EDT device; the RETeval® (LKC technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).

Subjects/methods

We model a large regional-referral EDT service using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) modelling based on retrospective patient data and published best evidence for the device. We evaluate the potential impact that adding the screening step in referral pathways could have on patient waiting times should the device prove to be safe and useable in clinical practice.

Results

We demonstrate that should the RETeval® ERG be safe and useable in real-world clinical practice, it has the potential to significantly reduce patient waiting times by avoiding lab-based EDT assessment for up to 45% of patients. We also show that the impact on services and patients is likely to be resilient to realistic changes in referral numbers, sensitivity/specificity of the device and changes in clinical capacity.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that a RETeval® ERG screening step, performed at the point of referral, has the potential to result in significantly reduced EDT waiting lists through fewer patients requiring lab-based EDT assessment and that DES modelling is a useful tool in making this assessment. However, many questions remain about using the device in the real-world setting for this purpose. Future studies are needed to assess its sensitivity/specificity, test/retest variability, changes in referral patterns due to the device, useability, acceptability to patients and importantly, the consequences of screening errors. Our work, using only retrospective data and a DES model, shows that using the device as an ERG screening tool warrants further investigation due to the potential impact on both patients and clinical services.