Background <p>The digital transformation of nursing education has heightened screen exposure, raising concerns about Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), visual fatigue, and sleep disturbances. However, the mediating role of CVS in linking visual fatigue to sleep quality remains underexplored in this population.</p> Aim <p>To investigate the prevalence of CVS, visual fatigue, and sleep disturbances, and to explore CVS as a mediator between visual fatigue and sleep quality among nursing students.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study involving 214 nursing students was conducted. Data was collected using validated tools: the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire, Visual Fatigue Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, linear regression, and path analysis were employed for analysis.</p> Results <p>CVS prevalence was 50.9%, with moderate visual fatigue (mean = 18.06) and sleep disturbances (mean = 33.66). CVS and visual fatigue were strongly correlated (r = 0.675, p &lt; 0.001) and positively associated with sleep disturbances (r = 0.455 and r = 0.436, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Path analysis indicated that CVS directly affected sleep quality (β = 0.296, B = 0.816, p &lt; 0.001) and visual fatigue directly affected CVS (β = 0.675, B = 0.315, p &lt; 0.001). The indirect effect of visual fatigue on sleep quality via CVS was also significant (β = 0.200, B = 0.257, p &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) and visual fatigue significantly affect sleep quality among nursing students, with CVS partially mediating this relationship. These findings highlight the workplace health implications of digital learning in nursing education, emphasizing the need for interventions to reduce digital eye strain and improve sleep quality in this population.</p>