Background <p>Cancer causes psychological problems as well as physical health problems. Oncology nurses are charged with the identification and management of psychological problems, whilst continuing to provide care to cancer patients. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the level of psychosocial care competence and psychological resilience of oncology nurses in Türkiye and to evaluate the relationship between these two variables.</p> Methods <p>This descriptive and cross-sectional study study was conducted with 94 nurses who directly contacted and cared for cancer patients between 24.11.2024–12.01.2025. Data were collected using the Individual Introduction Form, Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, and Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale. Frequency tables and descriptive statistics, Independent T test, One Way Anova test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to analyse the data.</p> Results <p>The mean scores obtained by the nurses for the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults and the Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale were above average (121.73 ± 16.77 and 65.60 ± 17.40, respectively). The investigation revealed an absence of a substantial correlation between the scores attained on the Nurses’ Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults and the Psychosocial Care Competence Self-Assessment Scale. Nurses’ psychosocial care competence and psychological resilience scores were found to be independent of variables such as age, gender, education level, experience and workplace psychosocial.</p> Conclusion <p>In this study, psychological resilience and psychosocial care competencies of oncology nurses in Türkiye were above average. There was no relationship between psychological resilience and psychosocial care competence of nurses.</p>