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Background <p>Cultural competence is an essential skill for nursing students to provide effective care in multicultural healthcare settings. Despite the availability of various tools globally, there are limited number of validated instruments for assessing cultural awareness among nursing students in Poland. This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt the Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) to the Polish context and evaluate its psychometric properties.</p> Materials and methods <p>A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between May and June 2024 among 1,020 nursing students from nine Polish medical universities. The CAS was translated and adapted following WHO guidelines for cultural and linguistic adaptation. Psychometric evaluation included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA), reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, and assessments of validity, including convergent and known-groups validity.</p> Results <p>The Polish version of the CAS (CAS_P) demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.892 and McDonald’s omega of 0.908. EFA confirmed the multidimensional structure of the scale, while CFA indicated moderate model fit (CFI = 0.797, TLI = 0.781, RMSEA = 0.0735). Convergent validity analysis showed significant correlations between CAS domains and personality traits such as altruism and openness to experience (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Known-groups validity analysis revealed that nursing students with prior intercultural education scored significantly higher on all CAS domains (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighting the impact of formal training on cultural awareness. The Behaviors/Comfort with Interactions subscale showed lower reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.592), suggesting cultural-specific variations in responses.</p> Conclusions <p>The CAS_P is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing cultural awareness among Polish nursing students. Its implementation can guide curriculum development and enhance intercultural competence in nursing education. Further refinements are necessary to improve the scale’s sensitivity to local cultural contexts.</p> Clinical trial number <p>Not applicable.</p>

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Cultural awareness scale: psychometric properties and applicability in assessing cultural competence among polish nursing students

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月15日

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  • Ilona Cieślak,
  • Mariusz Panczyk,
  • Joanna Gotlib-Małkowska,
  • Mariusz Jaworski

摘要

Background

Cultural competence is an essential skill for nursing students to provide effective care in multicultural healthcare settings. Despite the availability of various tools globally, there are limited number of validated instruments for assessing cultural awareness among nursing students in Poland. This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt the Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) to the Polish context and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between May and June 2024 among 1,020 nursing students from nine Polish medical universities. The CAS was translated and adapted following WHO guidelines for cultural and linguistic adaptation. Psychometric evaluation included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA), reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega, and assessments of validity, including convergent and known-groups validity.

Results

The Polish version of the CAS (CAS_P) demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.892 and McDonald’s omega of 0.908. EFA confirmed the multidimensional structure of the scale, while CFA indicated moderate model fit (CFI = 0.797, TLI = 0.781, RMSEA = 0.0735). Convergent validity analysis showed significant correlations between CAS domains and personality traits such as altruism and openness to experience (p < 0.001). Known-groups validity analysis revealed that nursing students with prior intercultural education scored significantly higher on all CAS domains (p < 0.05), highlighting the impact of formal training on cultural awareness. The Behaviors/Comfort with Interactions subscale showed lower reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.592), suggesting cultural-specific variations in responses.

Conclusions

The CAS_P is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing cultural awareness among Polish nursing students. Its implementation can guide curriculum development and enhance intercultural competence in nursing education. Further refinements are necessary to improve the scale’s sensitivity to local cultural contexts.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.