Background <p>Effective biomedical waste management is essential for minimizing environmental contamination and safeguarding public health. Nurses play a pivotal role in this process, yet their competence often requires enhancement, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p> Aim <p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of an educational program in improving nursing competence in biomedical waste management at El-Minia University Hospitals.</p> Methods <p>A quasi-experimental design was employed with pre- and post-intervention assessments measuring nurses’ knowledge and practices. The intervention, structured into three sessions, combined lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice. Seventy-five nurses participated, and data were collected using validated tools. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and correlation assessments.</p> Results <p>Post-intervention assessments revealed a significant improvement in nurses’ knowledge (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), attitudes, and practices (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) related to biomedical waste management. Additionally, the correlation between knowledge and practice increased post-intervention (<i>r</i> = 0.62, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), highlighting a stronger positive association between these variables.</p> Conclusion <p>Structured educational programs effectively enhance nursing competence in biomedical waste management, contributing to safer healthcare environments. Further research should explore long-term sustainability and curriculum integration.</p> Clinical trial number <p>NCT06718660 on 5/12/2024.</p>