Scholarlink

Background and objectives <p>Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. The available risk assessment tools have limited predictive ability. Machine learning has been increasingly utilized to predict acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients in recent times due to its ability to handle complex clinical data. However, its predictive value remains uncertain. This study evaluates the predictive performance of machine learning models for acute kidney injury post-cardiac surgery.</p> Methods <p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to 31st December 2025. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Included studies were assessed for machine learning model performance and acute kidney injury predictors, with effect measures including area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST. The meta-analysis in our study was performed using R version 4.5.0.</p> Results <p>The systematic search yielded 45 studies that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 13 distinct model types, which include 81 models for training and 162 for validation. The overall pooled AUC was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.85) in the training and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.75–0.78) in the validation cohorts. Pooled sensitivity and specificity in the training dataset were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71–0.79) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.87), respectively. In the validation dataset, pooled sensitivity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53–0.69), while specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77–0.86). Analysis showed an overall 44.4% high risk of bias, particularly due to the analysis domain of PROBAST.</p> Conclusion <p>This study suggests that machine learning based models could potentially serve as a viable framework for predicting the risk of post-cardiac surgery AKI, however, highlighting the need for model optimization and validation in a diverse population before clinical implementation.</p> Trial registration <p>The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576556).</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Machine learning for the prediction of acute kidney injury post cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

查看全文
  • Raja Ahsan Aftab,
  • Zirwa Asim Butt,
  • Baharudin Ibrahim,
  • Lim Soo Kun

摘要

Background and objectives

Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization. The available risk assessment tools have limited predictive ability. Machine learning has been increasingly utilized to predict acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients in recent times due to its ability to handle complex clinical data. However, its predictive value remains uncertain. This study evaluates the predictive performance of machine learning models for acute kidney injury post-cardiac surgery.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane Library up to 31st December 2025. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Included studies were assessed for machine learning model performance and acute kidney injury predictors, with effect measures including area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST. The meta-analysis in our study was performed using R version 4.5.0.

Results

The systematic search yielded 45 studies that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 13 distinct model types, which include 81 models for training and 162 for validation. The overall pooled AUC was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.85) in the training and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.75–0.78) in the validation cohorts. Pooled sensitivity and specificity in the training dataset were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71–0.79) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.87), respectively. In the validation dataset, pooled sensitivity was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.53–0.69), while specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77–0.86). Analysis showed an overall 44.4% high risk of bias, particularly due to the analysis domain of PROBAST.

Conclusion

This study suggests that machine learning based models could potentially serve as a viable framework for predicting the risk of post-cardiac surgery AKI, however, highlighting the need for model optimization and validation in a diverse population before clinical implementation.

Trial registration

The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576556).