Background <p>Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that evaluates moral decisions based on their consequences, emphasizing the maximisation of overall well-being/outcomes for the greatest number. It serves as an important framework in clinical settings, where ethical dilemmas frequently arise. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS) among obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs).</p> Methods <p>A total of 194 obstetricians and gynecologists participated in this online study and completed the OUS alongside a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated via internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) and corrected item–total correlations. Additionally, measurement invariance analyses by sex were performed.</p> Results <p>CFA confirmed a two-dimensional structure— impartial beneficence and instrumental harm—with good fit indices. High reliability was indicated by both internal consistency coefficients and corrected item-total correlations. The results of the measurement invariance analyses showed similar measurement properties across genders.</p> Conclusions <p>The Turkish OUS demonstrated adequate construct validity and acceptable internal consistency in this OB/GYN sample. It can be used as a reliable and valid tool to support research, ethics education, and structured ethical reflection in obstetric practice.</p>