Background <p>Previous studies have demonstrated the challenges of parenthood in surgical training and careers. However, certain aspects of childrearing for surgeons remain understudied. We aim to leftacterize the complexity and costs of childcare amongst surgical trainees and faculty.</p> Methods <p>An anonymous, self-administered survey was conducted within the Department of Surgery at a large academic medical center. Both male and female trainees and faculty were included in the analysis. Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact test was performed.</p> Results <p>Forty-six respondents provided information about childcare costs, with 37% of respondents being residents or fellows. Trainees worked longer workhours (<i>p</i> = 0.003) than their faculty counterparts. Despite trainees having fewer (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and younger (<i>p</i> = 0.001) children, there was no statistically significant difference in the annual childcare costs (<i>p</i> = 0.6). Over half of trainees and faculty report spending more than $20,000 annually. Childcare costs seem to place a greater burden on trainees, with 89% of trainees and 46% of faculty reporting that they are worried about the cost of childcare (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In addition to the expense, coordinating childcare is also challenging, with most respondents reporting multiple sources of childcare.</p> Conclusion <p>Concerted efforts are needed to support surgeon-parents at all career stages. The cost of childcare places an increased burden on surgical trainees compared to their faculty counterparts. Management of multiple sources of childcare is also a source of stress for both faculty and trainees.</p>