Background <p>Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health challenge, and health professional education plays a key role in promoting responsible antibiotic use. Adequate training in antibiotic stewardship is crucial to ensure that future healthcare providers are well-prepared for effective infection management. This study assessed antibiotic-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported prescribing preparedness among health sciences students in Kuwait, aiming to identify educational gaps and inform curricular reform.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among senior undergraduate students from the colleges of medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy at the Health Sciences Center in Kuwait between February and June 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess antibiotic knowledge, attitudes toward appropriate use, and perceived preparedness to prescribe. Descriptive, comparative, and correlation analyses were performed.</p> Results <p>Of the 596 eligible students, 363 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 60.9%). The majority of respondents were female (94.8%). The median [IQR] knowledge score was 18 [5] out of 29 (62.1% [IQR = 17.2]), reflecting moderate overall knowledge. Nearly half of the participants (<i>n</i> = 177; 48.8%, 95% CI: 43.5–54.0) demonstrated moderate overall knowledge, while 42.4% (<i>n</i> = 154; 95% CI: 37.3–47.7) scored low, and only 8.8% (<i>n</i> = 32; 95% CI: 6.2–12.3) achieved high scores. Domain-specific scores analysis revealed a notable pattern: while students performed well in general antibiotic knowledge (100% [IQR = 0]), substantial gaps were identified in the areas of antibiotic resistance (55.6% [IQR = 22.2]) and clinical application (53.8% [IQR = 30.8]). Attitudes toward appropriate antibiotic use were generally positive (median: 4 out of 5 [IQR = 2]), yet perceived preparedness to prescribe was low (50.0% [IQR = 75.0]). The overall median [IQR] preparedness score was 50.0% [75.0], indicating a low level of preparedness. The three main clinical application gaps were reported in specimen selection (33.9%), interpreting resistance mechanisms (36.6%), and distinguishing flora from pathogens (39.1%). Medical and pharmacy students scored significantly higher than dental students in both knowledge and preparedness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Knowledge was positively correlated with preparedness (Spearman’s <i>r</i> = 0.342; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>Despite moderate general knowledge and positive attitudes, students exhibited significant deficiencies in antibiotic resistance and clinical application, alongside low levels of self-reported prescribing preparedness. These findings highlight the curricular reform priority need for targeted, competency-based, and interprofessional educational interventions to strengthen antibiotic stewardship training and support responsible prescribing practices among future healthcare professionals.</p>