Background <p>Newly hired nurses frequently experience significant work-related stress and emotional distress during their transition into clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a diversified training framework on work-related stress, depressive emotions, and anxious emotions among this population.</p> Methods <p>A total of 241 nurses with less than three years of experience were stratified by work experience and randomly assigned to either an observation group (<i>n</i> = 122) receiving a diversified training framework (incorporating micro-lessons, flipped classroom, scenario simulations, PBL, and CBL) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 119) receiving traditional training. Stress (SNSI), depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7) levels were assessed before training, immediately after training, and at 3, 6, and 12-month follow-ups.</p> Results <p>The observation group demonstrated significantly lower scores in work-related stress, depressive emotions, and anxious emotions compared to the control group at all post-training and follow-up assessments (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with no significant differences at baseline. Correlation analysis indicated a consistent negative association between the diversified training framework and these negative emotional outcomes over time.</p> Conclusions <p>A diversified training framework significantly reduces work-related stress, depressive emotions, and anxious emotions among newly hired nurses, with sustained benefits observed over a 12-month period. These findings highlight the value of innovative, interactive training strategies in supporting the psychological well-being of novice nurses.</p>