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Background <p>Nursing interns frequently encounter patient death but are often inadequately prepared for end-of-life care, leading to distress and reduced efficacy. Existing death education programs rarely address their specific needs.</p> Objective <p>To develop and evaluate a tailored death education program for nursing interns.</p> Methods <p>The study was conducted in two phases: development and refinement of a preliminary program through literature review, interviews, Delphi method, and the first action research cycle; followed by evaluation via a second action research cycle with 48 interns (24 per cycle). Quantitative outcomes were assessed using the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD-B), and Coping with Death Scale (CDS) scales, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. </p> Results <p>After the second cycle, significant improvements (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) were observed across all DAP-R dimensions, FATCOD-B total score, and CDS total score. The second cycle yielded significantly greater improvements in most outcomes compared to the first (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), except for Escape Acceptance (<i>P</i> = 0.073). Qualitative analysis identified three themes: reflections and recommendations on death education workshops; development of end-of-life communication skills and deepening death awareness and Internalized development of life care and empathy capacity.</p> Conclusion <p>The action research-based program effectively improved nursing interns’ death coping, end-of-life care attitudes, and communication skills, supporting the integration of experiential and reflective pedagogies into palliative care education.</p>

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Construction and implementation of a death education program for nursing interns: an action research study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Jinlong Liu,
  • Xiaofan Guo,
  • Binbin Hou,
  • Yunjia Xu,
  • Meirong Hong,
  • Nuo Xu,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Yun Xia,
  • Yan Lou

摘要

Background

Nursing interns frequently encounter patient death but are often inadequately prepared for end-of-life care, leading to distress and reduced efficacy. Existing death education programs rarely address their specific needs.

Objective

To develop and evaluate a tailored death education program for nursing interns.

Methods

The study was conducted in two phases: development and refinement of a preliminary program through literature review, interviews, Delphi method, and the first action research cycle; followed by evaluation via a second action research cycle with 48 interns (24 per cycle). Quantitative outcomes were assessed using the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying scale (FATCOD-B), and Coping with Death Scale (CDS) scales, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation.

Results

After the second cycle, significant improvements (P < 0.05) were observed across all DAP-R dimensions, FATCOD-B total score, and CDS total score. The second cycle yielded significantly greater improvements in most outcomes compared to the first (P < 0.05), except for Escape Acceptance (P = 0.073). Qualitative analysis identified three themes: reflections and recommendations on death education workshops; development of end-of-life communication skills and deepening death awareness and Internalized development of life care and empathy capacity.

Conclusion

The action research-based program effectively improved nursing interns’ death coping, end-of-life care attitudes, and communication skills, supporting the integration of experiential and reflective pedagogies into palliative care education.