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<p>Antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance is an increasing concern, driving interest in plant-based nanoformulations. Here, we developed and compared nanoemulsions containing <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> essential oil (EO), <i>Laurus nobilis</i> EO, and their main constituent, 1,8-cineole. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 1,8-cineole content of 49.5% in <i>E. globulus</i> EO and 37.9% in <i>L. nobilis</i> EO. Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification and characterized for droplet size (dynamic light scattering) and zeta potential. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy qualitatively confirmed EO encapsulation within the nanoemulsions. Average droplet sizes were 172 ± 9&#xa0;nm (<i>E. globulus</i> EO), 92 ± 5&#xa0;nm (<i>L. nobilis</i> EO), 137 ± 7&#xa0;nm (1,8-cineole), and 70 ± 12&#xa0;nm (blank nanoemulsion). The corresponding zeta potential values were − 24 ± 1.2 mV, − 34 ± 0.7 mV, − 10 ± 0.7 mV, and − 6 ± 1.5 mV. The <i>L. nobilis</i> EO nanoemulsion had the strongest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 342&#xa0;µg/mL). The <i>E. globulus</i> EO nanoemulsion showed the greatest cytotoxicity against A-375 human melanoma cells (IC₅₀ = 171&#xa0;µg/mL) and the most potent antibacterial effects against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (IC₅₀ = 762&#xa0;µg/mL) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (IC₅₀ = 205&#xa0;µg/mL). These results suggest that <i>E. globulus</i> EO nanoemulsions have potential as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents, pending confirmation in in vivo studies.</p>

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Nanoemulsions of 1,8-cineole, and Eucalyptus globulus and Laurus nobilis essential oils: cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Mahsa Shafiei,
  • Elham Zarenezhad,
  • Hiva Alipanah,
  • Homa Karimian,
  • Razieh Ranjbar,
  • Mahmoud Osanloo

摘要

Antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance is an increasing concern, driving interest in plant-based nanoformulations. Here, we developed and compared nanoemulsions containing Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EO), Laurus nobilis EO, and their main constituent, 1,8-cineole. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 1,8-cineole content of 49.5% in E. globulus EO and 37.9% in L. nobilis EO. Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification and characterized for droplet size (dynamic light scattering) and zeta potential. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy qualitatively confirmed EO encapsulation within the nanoemulsions. Average droplet sizes were 172 ± 9 nm (E. globulus EO), 92 ± 5 nm (L. nobilis EO), 137 ± 7 nm (1,8-cineole), and 70 ± 12 nm (blank nanoemulsion). The corresponding zeta potential values were − 24 ± 1.2 mV, − 34 ± 0.7 mV, − 10 ± 0.7 mV, and − 6 ± 1.5 mV. The L. nobilis EO nanoemulsion had the strongest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 342 µg/mL). The E. globulus EO nanoemulsion showed the greatest cytotoxicity against A-375 human melanoma cells (IC₅₀ = 171 µg/mL) and the most potent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (IC₅₀ = 762 µg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (IC₅₀ = 205 µg/mL). These results suggest that E. globulus EO nanoemulsions have potential as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents, pending confirmation in in vivo studies.