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Background <p>While <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. is primarily valued for its seeds, its aerial parts have received limited attention. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing potential of pea leaves and stems to promote their broader utilization.</p> Methods <p>A bioassay-guided strategy was applied to various fractions of <i>P. sativum</i> aerial parts to evaluate their immunomodulatory activity using leukocyte accumulation assay. Active fractions were further assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages for their effects on TNF-α gene expression, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide production. The bioactive petrol eum ether (PSP) and ethyl acetate (PSE) fractions were further analyzed through GC-MS analysis, LC-MS/MS analysis, and chromatographic purification. The purified compounds were evaluated in human monocytes for their effects on IL-6 secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and in HaCaT keratinocytes for their wound-healing potential using a scratch assay. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were employed as in-silico tools to predict key targets and mechanistic pathways.</p> Results <p>Both PSE and PSP fractions promoted leukocyte accumulation and significantly decreased TNF-α expression, IL-6, and nitric oxide production levels. LC-MS/MS analysis of PSE revealed 42 compounds, predominantly flavonoids and phenolics, potentially accounting for its anti-inflammatory activity. Among seven isolated constituents, pisatin exhibited superior activity by markedly suppressing IL-6 and ROS in human monocytes and promoting 73% wound closure in keratinocytes within 48 h. </p> Conclusions <p>These findings establish <i>P. sativum</i> aerial parts as an accessible and valuable source of natural products with potential wound-healing activity, supporting the sustainable use of these underexploited agricultural materials.</p>

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Unveiling the wound-healing potential of Pisum sativum aerial biomass through integrated bioassay-guided, LC–MS/MS, and network pharmacology approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Noha M. Kadash,
  • Abdullah A. Elgazar,
  • Mona El-Aasr,
  • Ramadan A. El-Domany,
  • Marwa Balaha,
  • Fardous F. El-Senduny,
  • Viviana di Giacomo,
  • Mai H. ElNaggar

摘要

Background

While Pisum sativum L. is primarily valued for its seeds, its aerial parts have received limited attention. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing potential of pea leaves and stems to promote their broader utilization.

Methods

A bioassay-guided strategy was applied to various fractions of P. sativum aerial parts to evaluate their immunomodulatory activity using leukocyte accumulation assay. Active fractions were further assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages for their effects on TNF-α gene expression, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide production. The bioactive petrol eum ether (PSP) and ethyl acetate (PSE) fractions were further analyzed through GC-MS analysis, LC-MS/MS analysis, and chromatographic purification. The purified compounds were evaluated in human monocytes for their effects on IL-6 secretion and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and in HaCaT keratinocytes for their wound-healing potential using a scratch assay. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were employed as in-silico tools to predict key targets and mechanistic pathways.

Results

Both PSE and PSP fractions promoted leukocyte accumulation and significantly decreased TNF-α expression, IL-6, and nitric oxide production levels. LC-MS/MS analysis of PSE revealed 42 compounds, predominantly flavonoids and phenolics, potentially accounting for its anti-inflammatory activity. Among seven isolated constituents, pisatin exhibited superior activity by markedly suppressing IL-6 and ROS in human monocytes and promoting 73% wound closure in keratinocytes within 48 h.

Conclusions

These findings establish P. sativum aerial parts as an accessible and valuable source of natural products with potential wound-healing activity, supporting the sustainable use of these underexploited agricultural materials.