Background <p>Mothers with gynecological cancer face unique challenges in balancing their maternal role with the demands of diagnosis and treatment. However, their experiences of parenting-related distress during the early phase remain underexplored. This study aimed to explore these experiences.</p> Methods <p>A descriptive phenomenological design was adopted. Using purposive maximum variation sampling based on age, cancer type, disease stage, residence, and time since diagnosis, 16 mothers with gynecological cancer were recruited from a tertiary hospital between January and March 2025. Data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method.</p> Results <p>Three main themes emerged: (1) disrupted maternal identity, including cancer shock, interrupted caregiving, and dependency-amplified concern for children’s future; (2) renegotiated maternal practice, through constrained adjustment, family support, and protective silence; and (3) reconstructed maternal meaning, via reframed expectations, child-centered motivation, and restored maternal worth.</p> Conclusion <p>Parenting-related distress in mothers with gynecological cancer is a role-specific experience arising from the conflict between illness and maternal responsibilities. Healthcare providers should assess this distress early, support mothers in maintaining their maternal identity, and facilitate family communication and practical caregiving arrangements.</p>