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Background <p>Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a distinct category of epithelial ovarian neoplasms characterized by atypical proliferation without stromal invasion. They account for 10–20% of epithelial ovarian malignancies and are typically diagnosed at early stages in younger women. Despite their generally favorable prognosis, regional data remain limited, particularly from Saudi Arabia.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a retrospective review of all BOT cases managed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, from January 2015 to February 2025. Clinical, surgical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Comparative analysis was performed between serous and mucinous subtypes.</p> Results <p>A total of 59 patients were included (mean age: 41.8 ± 15.8 years). Most were premenopausal (71.2%) and presented with stage I disease (79.7%). Serous BOT was the predominant subtype (55.9%). Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 22% of cases. Implants were observed in 25.4%, and microinvasion in 32.2%. Recurrence occurred in 17% of patients, primarily in the contralateral ovary and peritoneum. Serous BOTs were significantly associated with bilateral tumors, higher FIGO stage (<i>p</i> = 0.011), presence of implants (<i>p</i> = 0.038), and recurrence (<i>p</i> = 0.032), while mucinous BOTs showed higher rates of appendectomy and positive peritoneal cytology. Adjuvant therapy was rarely administered and limited to recurrent cases (<i>n</i> = 2/10). Notably, 2 patients (3.4%) died during follow-up, despite the overall favorable prognosis.</p> Conclusion <p>This study underscores key clinicopathological differences between BOT subtypes and supports surgery as the cornerstone of treatment. Serous BOTs carry a higher risk of recurrence and advanced disease. Tailored surgical strategies and vigilant follow-up are essential, especially in fertility-preserving cases. Further multicenter studies are warranted to guide regional management.</p>

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A clinicopathological study of borderline ovarian tumors: insights from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Saeed Baradwan,
  • Hassan M. Latifah,
  • Bandr Hafedh,
  • Haneen Al-Maghrabi,
  • Ruzanah Almarzugi,
  • Wajd Aljabri,
  • Alaa Edrees

摘要

Background

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a distinct category of epithelial ovarian neoplasms characterized by atypical proliferation without stromal invasion. They account for 10–20% of epithelial ovarian malignancies and are typically diagnosed at early stages in younger women. Despite their generally favorable prognosis, regional data remain limited, particularly from Saudi Arabia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all BOT cases managed at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, from January 2015 to February 2025. Clinical, surgical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Comparative analysis was performed between serous and mucinous subtypes.

Results

A total of 59 patients were included (mean age: 41.8 ± 15.8 years). Most were premenopausal (71.2%) and presented with stage I disease (79.7%). Serous BOT was the predominant subtype (55.9%). Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 22% of cases. Implants were observed in 25.4%, and microinvasion in 32.2%. Recurrence occurred in 17% of patients, primarily in the contralateral ovary and peritoneum. Serous BOTs were significantly associated with bilateral tumors, higher FIGO stage (p = 0.011), presence of implants (p = 0.038), and recurrence (p = 0.032), while mucinous BOTs showed higher rates of appendectomy and positive peritoneal cytology. Adjuvant therapy was rarely administered and limited to recurrent cases (n = 2/10). Notably, 2 patients (3.4%) died during follow-up, despite the overall favorable prognosis.

Conclusion

This study underscores key clinicopathological differences between BOT subtypes and supports surgery as the cornerstone of treatment. Serous BOTs carry a higher risk of recurrence and advanced disease. Tailored surgical strategies and vigilant follow-up are essential, especially in fertility-preserving cases. Further multicenter studies are warranted to guide regional management.