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Background <p>Obesity and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are associated with hormonal and psychosocial factors that affect emotional appetite and eating behaviors in women. In a sample of Turkish women, evidence regarding the relationships between body mass index (BMI), PMS symptoms, eating behaviors, quality of life, and emotional appetite is limited. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between emotional eating and BMI, PMS, eating behaviors, and quality of life among women in Turkey and to assess the relative contributions of these factors to emotional eating.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study, conducted online in Türkiye between April 1 and May 1, 2025, included 450 women aged 18–49 years. Data were collected using snowball sampling with validated and reliable scales for PMS, emotional appetite, eating behavior, and PMS-specific quality of life. Four-block hierarchical regression analysis (IBM SPSS 27.0) was performed to assess the contributions of BMI, PMS subscales, eating behaviors, and quality of life, respectively, with a significance level of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>Most participants were single (63.8%), had a bachelor’s degree (66.4%), and had regular menstrual cycles (88.4%). Depressive mood and fatigue had the highest mean scores on the PSAS subscales. A positive correlation was found between emotional appetite and BMI (<i>r</i> = 0.386), PMS appetite changes (<i>r</i> = 0.277), and emotional undereating (<i>r</i> = 0.439); a strong negative correlation was found with emotional overeating (<i>r</i> = − 0.641). In hierarchical regression analysis, emotional overeating emerged as the strongest predictor of emotional appetite (β = −0.523). BMI and PMS-induced appetite changes showed their explanatory effects more prominently in the earlier model steps. The final model explained 51.3% of the variance in emotional appetite (Adjusted R² = 0.513).</p> Conclusions <p>The findings support a multidimensional perspective on premenstrual distress, revealing significant links between BMI, emotional appetite, and PMS symptom severity. Specifically, emotional overeating and undereating emerged as strong behavioral predictors, while hierarchical models confirmed that these factors collectively explain significant incremental variance in symptom burden. These results underscore the need for integrated interventions that address the biological (e.g., weight status), psychological (e.g., affective symptoms), and behavioral (e.g., emotion-driven eating) dimensions underlying this relationship.</p>

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A relationship study of factors associated with emotional eating in women in Türkiye: body mass index, premenstrual syndrome, eating behavior, and quality of life

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Neslihan Özcanarslan,
  • Özlem Özpak Akkuş

摘要

Background

Obesity and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are associated with hormonal and psychosocial factors that affect emotional appetite and eating behaviors in women. In a sample of Turkish women, evidence regarding the relationships between body mass index (BMI), PMS symptoms, eating behaviors, quality of life, and emotional appetite is limited. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between emotional eating and BMI, PMS, eating behaviors, and quality of life among women in Turkey and to assess the relative contributions of these factors to emotional eating.

Methods

This cross-sectional study, conducted online in Türkiye between April 1 and May 1, 2025, included 450 women aged 18–49 years. Data were collected using snowball sampling with validated and reliable scales for PMS, emotional appetite, eating behavior, and PMS-specific quality of life. Four-block hierarchical regression analysis (IBM SPSS 27.0) was performed to assess the contributions of BMI, PMS subscales, eating behaviors, and quality of life, respectively, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

Most participants were single (63.8%), had a bachelor’s degree (66.4%), and had regular menstrual cycles (88.4%). Depressive mood and fatigue had the highest mean scores on the PSAS subscales. A positive correlation was found between emotional appetite and BMI (r = 0.386), PMS appetite changes (r = 0.277), and emotional undereating (r = 0.439); a strong negative correlation was found with emotional overeating (r = − 0.641). In hierarchical regression analysis, emotional overeating emerged as the strongest predictor of emotional appetite (β = −0.523). BMI and PMS-induced appetite changes showed their explanatory effects more prominently in the earlier model steps. The final model explained 51.3% of the variance in emotional appetite (Adjusted R² = 0.513).

Conclusions

The findings support a multidimensional perspective on premenstrual distress, revealing significant links between BMI, emotional appetite, and PMS symptom severity. Specifically, emotional overeating and undereating emerged as strong behavioral predictors, while hierarchical models confirmed that these factors collectively explain significant incremental variance in symptom burden. These results underscore the need for integrated interventions that address the biological (e.g., weight status), psychological (e.g., affective symptoms), and behavioral (e.g., emotion-driven eating) dimensions underlying this relationship.