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Background <p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal dysbiosis of public health significance in reproductive-aged women. BV is associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, HIV infection and other obstetric complications like premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour and post-partum endometritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of BV among women of childbearing age living with, and without HIV in Nigeria.</p> Methods <p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted among non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-49&#xa0;years), living with and without HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were counselled and informed consent was obtained before vaginal swabs were collected. BV was defined using Amsel’s criteria, which uses 3 out of 4 diagnostic criteria to diagnose BV and Nugent scoring. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0.</p> Results <p>Two hundred and fifty-two (252) women of childbearing age including 198 (78.6%) living with HIV (WLHIV), and 54 (21.4%) without HIV were included in the study. The mean age was 41 ± 6&#xa0;years with a range from 21 to 49&#xa0;years. The overall prevalence rate of BV was 36.1%. Prevalence of BV was higher in WLHIV (37.9%) compared to those without HIV (29.6%) although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.67 – 2.79). Prevalence of BV among HIV-positive women with CD4 &gt; 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> was 36.9%, as against 54.5% for those whose CD4 was ≤ 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 0.33–5.96). Having more than one sexual partner predisposed the women to BV (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.01–3.53) while women who douche had a 1.7-fold increased risk of having BV than those who do not (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.95- 2.88).</p> Conclusion <p>The findings of this study indicate that women of reproductive age are equally susceptible to BV irrespective of their HIV status, with multiple sexual partners identified as a significant risk factor. These results underscore the need for targeted public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of BV within this population, thereby reducing the risk of transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted disease among this group.</p>

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among women of reproductive age living with, and without HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Emelda E. Chukwu,
  • Dennis Abuh,
  • Ifeoma E. Idigbe,
  • Peter Omoregha,
  • Azuka P. Okwuraiwe,
  • Olanrewaju Ishola,
  • Rashidat M. Omoloye,
  • Chukwunonso O. Nwajieze,
  • Oliver C. Ezechi,
  • Rosemary A. Audu,
  • Folasade T. Ogunsola

摘要

Background

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal dysbiosis of public health significance in reproductive-aged women. BV is associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, HIV infection and other obstetric complications like premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour and post-partum endometritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of BV among women of childbearing age living with, and without HIV in Nigeria.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-49 years), living with and without HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were counselled and informed consent was obtained before vaginal swabs were collected. BV was defined using Amsel’s criteria, which uses 3 out of 4 diagnostic criteria to diagnose BV and Nugent scoring. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0.

Results

Two hundred and fifty-two (252) women of childbearing age including 198 (78.6%) living with HIV (WLHIV), and 54 (21.4%) without HIV were included in the study. The mean age was 41 ± 6 years with a range from 21 to 49 years. The overall prevalence rate of BV was 36.1%. Prevalence of BV was higher in WLHIV (37.9%) compared to those without HIV (29.6%) although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.67 – 2.79). Prevalence of BV among HIV-positive women with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 was 36.9%, as against 54.5% for those whose CD4 was ≤ 200 cells/mm3 (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 0.33–5.96). Having more than one sexual partner predisposed the women to BV (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.01–3.53) while women who douche had a 1.7-fold increased risk of having BV than those who do not (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.95- 2.88).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that women of reproductive age are equally susceptible to BV irrespective of their HIV status, with multiple sexual partners identified as a significant risk factor. These results underscore the need for targeted public health interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of BV within this population, thereby reducing the risk of transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted disease among this group.