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Background <p>The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate changes in lip morphology before and after bracket debonding in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns using 3D structured light scanning.</p> Methods <p>285 patients (110 males, 175 females) who completed orthodontic treatment and debonding at an orthodontic clinic in China between June 2024 and September 2025 were classified into hypodivergent (FH-MP ≤ 22°), normodivergent (22°&lt; FH-MP &lt; 32°), and hyperdivergent (FH-MP ≥ 32°) groups based on the mandibular plane angle (FH-MP). Three-dimensional facial scans were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) debonding, and 17 lip-related parameters were measured. Linear and angular changes were compared within and between groups.</p> Results <p>Within-group analysis showed that all skeletal pattern groups exhibited significant changes in the nasolabial angle, the mentolabial angle, the upper and lower lip prominence, the upper and lower lips to the E-line, and the commissure depth after bracket debonding. The upper lip position relative to the true vertical line changed significantly in the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, whereas the lower lip position relative to the true vertical line changed significantly only in the hyperdivergent group (q &lt; 0.05, FDR-adjusted p value). No other parameters showed significant within-group changes (q &gt; 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in the magnitude of change for the nasolabial angle, the mentolabial angle, the upper and lower lip prominence, the upper and lower lips to the E-line, the lower lip position relative to the true vertical line, and the commissure depth (q &lt; 0.05). In particular, between the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups, the nasolabial angle was approximately 1.67° and 0.90°, respectively, while the mentolabial angle was approximately 1.78° and 0.94°, respectively. No significant differences were observed for the remaining parameters (q &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Lip changes following bracket debonding varied according to vertical skeletal pattern. Frontal analysis showed stable morphology, while lateral analysis revealed lip retrusion, which was greatest in hyperdivergent patients. After bracket debonding, the lower lip had a numerically larger retrusion than the upper lip.</p>

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Three-dimensional evaluation of lip changes before and after bracket debonding in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Yongjie Fan,
  • Qiang Wang,
  • Xin Lv,
  • Le An,
  • Junting Wei,
  • Bingle Wang,
  • Gebing Liu

摘要

Background

The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate changes in lip morphology before and after bracket debonding in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns using 3D structured light scanning.

Methods

285 patients (110 males, 175 females) who completed orthodontic treatment and debonding at an orthodontic clinic in China between June 2024 and September 2025 were classified into hypodivergent (FH-MP ≤ 22°), normodivergent (22°< FH-MP < 32°), and hyperdivergent (FH-MP ≥ 32°) groups based on the mandibular plane angle (FH-MP). Three-dimensional facial scans were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) debonding, and 17 lip-related parameters were measured. Linear and angular changes were compared within and between groups.

Results

Within-group analysis showed that all skeletal pattern groups exhibited significant changes in the nasolabial angle, the mentolabial angle, the upper and lower lip prominence, the upper and lower lips to the E-line, and the commissure depth after bracket debonding. The upper lip position relative to the true vertical line changed significantly in the normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups, whereas the lower lip position relative to the true vertical line changed significantly only in the hyperdivergent group (q < 0.05, FDR-adjusted p value). No other parameters showed significant within-group changes (q > 0.05). Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in the magnitude of change for the nasolabial angle, the mentolabial angle, the upper and lower lip prominence, the upper and lower lips to the E-line, the lower lip position relative to the true vertical line, and the commissure depth (q < 0.05). In particular, between the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups, the nasolabial angle was approximately 1.67° and 0.90°, respectively, while the mentolabial angle was approximately 1.78° and 0.94°, respectively. No significant differences were observed for the remaining parameters (q > 0.05).

Conclusions

Lip changes following bracket debonding varied according to vertical skeletal pattern. Frontal analysis showed stable morphology, while lateral analysis revealed lip retrusion, which was greatest in hyperdivergent patients. After bracket debonding, the lower lip had a numerically larger retrusion than the upper lip.