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Background <p>CAD/CAM ceramics provide superior predictability; however, minor adjustments are often required prior to cementation to achieve adequate interdental and occlusal contacts and to improve overall contours. These adjustments increase the surface roughness of ceramic restorations, which can promote bacterial adhesion. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of three polishing systems (Komet, OptraGloss, EVE) on surface roughness and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> adhesion to lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia ceramics.</p> Methods <p>Fifty specimens of each material (lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia) were divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 10): glazed (control), ground, and ground followed by polishing with one of the three systems. The surface roughness (<i>R</i><sub>a</sub>, <i>R</i><sub>z</sub>) and topography were assessed using a contact profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion biofilm area coverage (48-hour biofilm) was assessed as CLSM-derived area coverage (%) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were statistically analyzed using Welch’s ANOVA, the Games-Howell post hoc test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p> Results <p>Compared with the other groups, the glazed groups presented significantly lower surface roughness (Ra: 0.03&#xa0;μm for lithium disilicate and 0.02&#xa0;μm for zirconia) and CLSM-derived biofilm area coverage (median: 0.14% for lithium disilicate and 0.15% for zirconia) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Among the polished groups, the three polishing systems demonstrated significant differences in surface roughness values (Ra: 0.44–0.86&#xa0;μm for lithium disilicate and 0.39–0.68&#xa0;μm for zirconia; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001); however, no significant differences in S. mutans adhesion were observed (<i>P</i> = 1.000 for lithium disilicate; <i>P</i> ≥ 0.903 for zirconia).</p> Conclusions <p>Although all three polishing systems effectively reduced surface roughness after grinding, none achieved the smoothness or the level of biofilm area coverage reduction of the initial glazed surfaces.</p>

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Effect of various polishing systems on the surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion of CAD/CAM ceramic materials

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Anantaya Ekpanithanpong,
  • Trinuch Eiampongpaiboon,
  • Kanda Ngamwuttiwong

摘要

Background

CAD/CAM ceramics provide superior predictability; however, minor adjustments are often required prior to cementation to achieve adequate interdental and occlusal contacts and to improve overall contours. These adjustments increase the surface roughness of ceramic restorations, which can promote bacterial adhesion. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of three polishing systems (Komet, OptraGloss, EVE) on surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia ceramics.

Methods

Fifty specimens of each material (lithium disilicate and translucent zirconia) were divided into five groups (n = 10): glazed (control), ground, and ground followed by polishing with one of the three systems. The surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and topography were assessed using a contact profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). S. mutans adhesion biofilm area coverage (48-hour biofilm) was assessed as CLSM-derived area coverage (%) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were statistically analyzed using Welch’s ANOVA, the Games-Howell post hoc test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

Compared with the other groups, the glazed groups presented significantly lower surface roughness (Ra: 0.03 μm for lithium disilicate and 0.02 μm for zirconia) and CLSM-derived biofilm area coverage (median: 0.14% for lithium disilicate and 0.15% for zirconia) (P < 0.001). Among the polished groups, the three polishing systems demonstrated significant differences in surface roughness values (Ra: 0.44–0.86 μm for lithium disilicate and 0.39–0.68 μm for zirconia; P < 0.001); however, no significant differences in S. mutans adhesion were observed (P = 1.000 for lithium disilicate; P ≥ 0.903 for zirconia).

Conclusions

Although all three polishing systems effectively reduced surface roughness after grinding, none achieved the smoothness or the level of biofilm area coverage reduction of the initial glazed surfaces.