Background <p>The objective of this study was to assess the effects of surface finishing procedure, 3D printer type, and accelerated UV-aging on the surface roughness (Ra), translucency parameter (TP₀₀), and color change (ΔE₀₀) of a 3D-printed permanent photopolymer resin.</p> Methods <p>Specimens (1&#xa0;mm thick and A2 color) were fabricated using a permanent photopolymer resin and three 3D printers (Prusa Medical One, Form4B, and Asiga Max UV). Two surface finishing procedures (mechanical polishing and glazing) were applied to the specimen surfaces. UV-aging was applied using repeated cycles of light exposure and water spray at controlled temperatures for a total of 300&#xa0;h. The Ra values and color coordinates were measured before and after accelerated UV-aging. The TP₀₀ and ΔE₀₀ values were calculated. The ΔE₀₀ data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and the Ra and TP₀₀ data were analyzed using three-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Pairwise comparisons were performed using Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Surface roughness (Ra) was significantly influenced by the printer type, surface finishing procedure, and aging (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Mechanically polished groups showed higher Ra values, although all remained below the clinical threshold. TP₀₀ values were affected by the printer type, surface finishing procedure, and UV-aging; mechanically polished specimens showed higher TP₀₀ values and minor aging-related differences than glazed specimens in Medical One and Form4B groups. ΔE₀₀ was influenced by both printer type and surface finishing, with all groups exhibiting ΔE₀₀ values above the clinical acceptability threshold. However, the glazed Form4B group showed the smallest color change, indicating greater color stability.</p> Conclusions <p>The surface finishing procedure, 3D printer type, and accelerated UV-aging significantly influence the surface and optical properties of the tested 3D-printable permanent photopolymer resin.</p>