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Background <p>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of SDF- and SDF + KI-based pretreatment protocols, with or without NaOCl surface preparation, on microleakage, discoloration, and fissure sealant penetration depth in permanent teeth.</p> Methods <p>Sixty extracted mandibular permanent molars with non-cavitated initial enamel lesions (ICDAS score 1) were randomly allocated into six groups (<i>n</i> = 10 per group). According to the experimental design, SDF, SDF + KI, NaOCl surface preparation, and orthophosphoric acid etching protocols were applied before fissure sealant placement. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer according to the CIE Lab* system at baseline (T0) and after all procedures (T1). Microleakage and penetration depth were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).</p> Results <p>Significant differences were observed among the groups for color change (ΔE) and lightness change (ΔL) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). SDF-treated groups showed significantly higher color change and greater lightness reduction compared with the control group. The mean ΔE values were 6.38 ± 5.42 in the control group, 15.78 ± 2.73 in the SDF group, and 12.60 ± 1.68 in the SDF + KI group. Most ΔE values exceeded the perceptibility (PT = 1.2) and acceptability (AT = 2.7) thresholds. NaOCl application following SDF resulted in significantly higher ΔL values compared with SDF alone. No statistically significant differences were observed among groups for microleakage or penetration depth (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>SDF and SDF + KI pretreatments did not result in statistically significant differences in microleakage or penetration depth under the present experimental conditions, although SDF was associated with clinically relevant discoloration. KI showed only a limited effect in reducing this discoloration. NaOCl application was associated with less unfavorable lightness change in some comparisons; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously.</p>

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Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide pretreatment on microleakage, penetration depth, and color changes of fissure sealants: an in vitro study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Hamide Cömert,
  • Ecem Elif Çege

摘要

Background

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of SDF- and SDF + KI-based pretreatment protocols, with or without NaOCl surface preparation, on microleakage, discoloration, and fissure sealant penetration depth in permanent teeth.

Methods

Sixty extracted mandibular permanent molars with non-cavitated initial enamel lesions (ICDAS score 1) were randomly allocated into six groups (n = 10 per group). According to the experimental design, SDF, SDF + KI, NaOCl surface preparation, and orthophosphoric acid etching protocols were applied before fissure sealant placement. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer according to the CIE Lab* system at baseline (T0) and after all procedures (T1). Microleakage and penetration depth were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).

Results

Significant differences were observed among the groups for color change (ΔE) and lightness change (ΔL) (p < 0.001). SDF-treated groups showed significantly higher color change and greater lightness reduction compared with the control group. The mean ΔE values were 6.38 ± 5.42 in the control group, 15.78 ± 2.73 in the SDF group, and 12.60 ± 1.68 in the SDF + KI group. Most ΔE values exceeded the perceptibility (PT = 1.2) and acceptability (AT = 2.7) thresholds. NaOCl application following SDF resulted in significantly higher ΔL values compared with SDF alone. No statistically significant differences were observed among groups for microleakage or penetration depth (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

SDF and SDF + KI pretreatments did not result in statistically significant differences in microleakage or penetration depth under the present experimental conditions, although SDF was associated with clinically relevant discoloration. KI showed only a limited effect in reducing this discoloration. NaOCl application was associated with less unfavorable lightness change in some comparisons; however, this finding should be interpreted cautiously.