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Background <p>The improvement of resin-based composites is closely linked to the evolution of their organic monomers and inorganic filler particles, which directly affect their mechanical, optical, and biological performance. Understanding how these components influence clinically relevant properties is essential to guide material development and clinical decision-making. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available evidence on the influence of organic and inorganic particles on the physical, mechanical, optical, and biological properties of resin-based composites.</p> Methods <p>A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The literature search was initially conducted and subsequently updated in April 2026 to ensure the inclusion of the most recent evidence. In vitro studies evaluating commercially available resin-based composites intended for direct restorations were included. Data extraction focused on resin composition, organic monomers, inorganic filler characteristics, evaluated properties, and reported outcomes.</p> Results <p>A total of 13 in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria, indicating a limited evidence base. The findings suggest that both organic monomers and inorganic fillers influence composite performance. Monomers such as Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, and UDMA tended to be associated with improved mechanical properties and higher microhardness, whereas more hydrophilic monomers were associated with increased water sorption and solubility. Inorganic filler characteristics—including type, size, morphology, and distribution—appeared to influence degree of conversion, light transmittance, surface roughness, and hydrolytic stability. Composites containing smaller, spherical fillers based on silica or zirconia generally showed more stable mechanical behavior and improved surface properties.</p> Conclusions <p>The interaction between organic and inorganic components appears to play an important role in the performance of resin-based composites. However, the limited number of studies, their methodological heterogeneity, and the exclusive reliance on in vitro evidence restrict the strength of the conclusions. Further well-designed, long-term clinical studies are required to validate these findings under real clinical conditions.</p>

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Influence of organic and inorganic particles on the properties of composite resins: a scoping review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Carlos Junio Campos Pita,
  • Valder Ferreira da Silva Filho,
  • Adriana Gonçalves da Silva,
  • Rodrigo Fernandes da Cunha Pereira,
  • Thiago Peixoto da Motta,
  • Brender Leonan-Silva,
  • Vitor César Dumont

摘要

Background

The improvement of resin-based composites is closely linked to the evolution of their organic monomers and inorganic filler particles, which directly affect their mechanical, optical, and biological performance. Understanding how these components influence clinically relevant properties is essential to guide material development and clinical decision-making. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available evidence on the influence of organic and inorganic particles on the physical, mechanical, optical, and biological properties of resin-based composites.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The literature search was initially conducted and subsequently updated in April 2026 to ensure the inclusion of the most recent evidence. In vitro studies evaluating commercially available resin-based composites intended for direct restorations were included. Data extraction focused on resin composition, organic monomers, inorganic filler characteristics, evaluated properties, and reported outcomes.

Results

A total of 13 in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria, indicating a limited evidence base. The findings suggest that both organic monomers and inorganic fillers influence composite performance. Monomers such as Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, and UDMA tended to be associated with improved mechanical properties and higher microhardness, whereas more hydrophilic monomers were associated with increased water sorption and solubility. Inorganic filler characteristics—including type, size, morphology, and distribution—appeared to influence degree of conversion, light transmittance, surface roughness, and hydrolytic stability. Composites containing smaller, spherical fillers based on silica or zirconia generally showed more stable mechanical behavior and improved surface properties.

Conclusions

The interaction between organic and inorganic components appears to play an important role in the performance of resin-based composites. However, the limited number of studies, their methodological heterogeneity, and the exclusive reliance on in vitro evidence restrict the strength of the conclusions. Further well-designed, long-term clinical studies are required to validate these findings under real clinical conditions.