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Objective <p>This study aimed to develop and initially validate a caries risk assessment scale for adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and to exploratorily analyze the potential association between oral microbiota and caries risk levels.</p> Methods <p>Clinical examinations and questionnaires were conducted on 210 adolescent orthodontic patients before orthodontic treatment and at 1st, 3rd, and 6th month, and the caries risk assessment scale was constructed according to the correlation statistics. Six patients in low-risk group and middle-risk group were randomly selected. Dental plaque samples were collected before orthodontic treatment and 1st month, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore differences in microbial community composition and function.</p> Results <p>The caries risk assessment scale involves 7 factors, such as simplified&#xa0;debris&#xa0;index (DI-S), brushing time, and frequency of sugar intake. Differences in scale scores before and during orthodontic treatment at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months correlated with the presence of caries at the corresponding orthodontic stages (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Differences in scores at 1st month correlated with the presence or absence of caries at 3rd and 6th month (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The differences in scores at 3rd month correlated with the caries status at 6th month (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The caries risk related Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways were positively correlated with <i>Prevotella_jejuni</i>, <i>Prevotella_scopos</i> and <i>Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). The Carbohydrate Metabolism pathways were positively correlated with <i>Prevotella_melaninogenica</i>, <i>Prevotella_jejuni</i>, <i>Prevotella_scopos</i> and <i>Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusions <p>A practical caries risk assessment scale for orthodontic adolescents was established and shows promise for&#xa0;cross-sectional risk stratificationthroughout the orthodontic treatment cycle. Its longitudinal predictive efficacy requires further validation with appropriate statistical models. The microbial findings, particularly the involvement of&#xa0;<i>Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352&#xa0;</i>in relevant metabolic pathways, are&#xa0;preliminary and hypothesis-generating. These results are constrained by the study's limited sample size and the lack of a high-risk comparator group, necessitating confirmation in larger, more comprehensive future studies.</p>

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Construction of caries risk assessment scale and oral microecology analysis of adolescents with fixed orthodontic treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Menghan Chen,
  • Ziyi Wu,
  • Yiyang Du,
  • Jianyun Jiang,
  • Jianying Feng

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to develop and initially validate a caries risk assessment scale for adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and to exploratorily analyze the potential association between oral microbiota and caries risk levels.

Methods

Clinical examinations and questionnaires were conducted on 210 adolescent orthodontic patients before orthodontic treatment and at 1st, 3rd, and 6th month, and the caries risk assessment scale was constructed according to the correlation statistics. Six patients in low-risk group and middle-risk group were randomly selected. Dental plaque samples were collected before orthodontic treatment and 1st month, respectively. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore differences in microbial community composition and function.

Results

The caries risk assessment scale involves 7 factors, such as simplified debris index (DI-S), brushing time, and frequency of sugar intake. Differences in scale scores before and during orthodontic treatment at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months correlated with the presence of caries at the corresponding orthodontic stages (P < 0.001). Differences in scores at 1st month correlated with the presence or absence of caries at 3rd and 6th month (P < 0.05). The differences in scores at 3rd month correlated with the caries status at 6th month (P < 0.001). The caries risk related Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathways were positively correlated with Prevotella_jejuni, Prevotella_scopos and Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352 (P < 0.01). The Carbohydrate Metabolism pathways were positively correlated with Prevotella_melaninogenica, Prevotella_jejuni, Prevotella_scopos and Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

A practical caries risk assessment scale for orthodontic adolescents was established and shows promise for cross-sectional risk stratificationthroughout the orthodontic treatment cycle. Its longitudinal predictive efficacy requires further validation with appropriate statistical models. The microbial findings, particularly the involvement of Candidatus_Nanosynbacter_sp._HMT-352 in relevant metabolic pathways, are preliminary and hypothesis-generating. These results are constrained by the study's limited sample size and the lack of a high-risk comparator group, necessitating confirmation in larger, more comprehensive future studies.