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Objectives <p>This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of Level of Autonomy 2 (LOA2) robotic-assisted implant placement by dentists with varying experience, analyze learning curves, and identify accuracy-related risk factors.</p> Materials and methods <p>This retrospective study included 362 patients (585 implants) who underwent LOA2 robotic-assisted implant placement (April 2022–April 2024). Six novice clinicians (no robotic experience) and two expert clinicians (&gt; 50 robotic surgeries) were included. Seven deviation parameters were assessed by comparing planned and actual implant positions. Thirteen potential risk factors were evaluated using statistical analyses in R.</p> Results <p>After extraoral robotic training, novice clinicians achieved accuracy comparable to experts, with minor exceptions: vertical platform deviation (0.373 ± 0.566&#xa0;mm vs. 0.255 ± 0.438&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and vertical apex deviation (0.348 ± 0.488&#xa0;mm vs. 0.249 ± 0.437&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Learning curves for both groups remained flat (coefficient &lt; 0.001), with no significant accuracy improvement over cases increase. Key risk factors for increased deviations included: immediate/early implantation; implant length &gt; 10&#xa0;mm; poor bone quality; maxillary placement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and machined-related factors.</p> Conclusions <p>The LOA 2 robotic-assisted implant system minimizes the dependence of implant placement accuracy on clinician experience, with only minor differences in vertical deviations between novices and experts. Even though accuracy remains at a high level, high deviations are associated not only with traditional risk factors but also with machine-related risks.</p>

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Evaluating the relationship between clinician experience and accuracy in robotic-assisted dental implant placement: a retrospective study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Miao Wang,
  • Hui Xia Zhou,
  • Cheng Peng Lv,
  • Wai Man Tong,
  • Wai Keung Leung,
  • Xiao Xuan Cui,
  • Xin Xuan Wang,
  • Intad Sriprasert,
  • Qin Zhou,
  • Long Long He

摘要

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of Level of Autonomy 2 (LOA2) robotic-assisted implant placement by dentists with varying experience, analyze learning curves, and identify accuracy-related risk factors.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 362 patients (585 implants) who underwent LOA2 robotic-assisted implant placement (April 2022–April 2024). Six novice clinicians (no robotic experience) and two expert clinicians (> 50 robotic surgeries) were included. Seven deviation parameters were assessed by comparing planned and actual implant positions. Thirteen potential risk factors were evaluated using statistical analyses in R.

Results

After extraoral robotic training, novice clinicians achieved accuracy comparable to experts, with minor exceptions: vertical platform deviation (0.373 ± 0.566 mm vs. 0.255 ± 0.438 mm, p = 0.007) and vertical apex deviation (0.348 ± 0.488 mm vs. 0.249 ± 0.437 mm, p = 0.009). Learning curves for both groups remained flat (coefficient < 0.001), with no significant accuracy improvement over cases increase. Key risk factors for increased deviations included: immediate/early implantation; implant length > 10 mm; poor bone quality; maxillary placement (p < 0.05), and machined-related factors.

Conclusions

The LOA 2 robotic-assisted implant system minimizes the dependence of implant placement accuracy on clinician experience, with only minor differences in vertical deviations between novices and experts. Even though accuracy remains at a high level, high deviations are associated not only with traditional risk factors but also with machine-related risks.