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Background <p>This study compared the accuracy (defined by trueness and precision) of implant placement between a semi-autonomous robotic system (SARS) and a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in completely edentulous models, evaluating the influence of alveolar bone morphology and implant orientation.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-two completely edentulous models were divided by anterior ridge morphology (well-rounded or narrow). Following the All-on-4 protocol, anterior implants were placed vertically, and posterior implants were inserted vertically or at a distal tilt using either SARS or DNS. Planning was conducted virtually, and deviations were assessed postoperatively via CBCT. Mann-Whitney U test and linear mixed model were used for statistical analysis.</p> Results <p>All 128 implants were placed successfully. Platform global deviations were 0.69 ± 0.29&#xa0;mm (SARS) and 0.72 ± 0.41&#xa0;mm (DNS); apical global deviations were 0.74 ± 0.27&#xa0;mm (SARS) and 0.70 ± 0.40&#xa0;mm (DNS). SARS achieved significantly lower angular deviation (superior trueness) overall (<i>P</i> &lt; .05), particularly in distally tilted implants (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). On well-rounded ridges, SARS showed smaller global and lateral platform deviations (<i>P</i> &lt; .05). On narrow ridges, SARS had larger platform and apical depth deviations (<i>P</i> &lt; .01) but maintained better angular control (<i>P</i> &lt; .01). Precision analysis revealed that SARS achieved superior platform precision under complex conditions (distally tilted implants and narrow ridges), while on well-rounded ridges, it showed higher apical precision and more consistent angular control.</p> Conclusion <p>Both SARS and DNS demonstrated excellent accuracy in completely edentulous models. Furthermore, the SARS showed superior angular trueness and platform precision in distally tilted implant placement and complex bone morphology.</p>

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Evaluation of the accuracy of semi-autonomous robotic system versus dynamic navigation in completely edentulous implant surgery: an in vitro study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Jie Xia,
  • Qingwei Tang,
  • Haiyan Liu,
  • Yuchen Zheng,
  • Linhong Wang,
  • Xulan Yang,
  • Jianying Feng,
  • Fan Yang,
  • Yude Ding

摘要

Background

This study compared the accuracy (defined by trueness and precision) of implant placement between a semi-autonomous robotic system (SARS) and a dynamic navigation system (DNS) in completely edentulous models, evaluating the influence of alveolar bone morphology and implant orientation.

Methods

Thirty-two completely edentulous models were divided by anterior ridge morphology (well-rounded or narrow). Following the All-on-4 protocol, anterior implants were placed vertically, and posterior implants were inserted vertically or at a distal tilt using either SARS or DNS. Planning was conducted virtually, and deviations were assessed postoperatively via CBCT. Mann-Whitney U test and linear mixed model were used for statistical analysis.

Results

All 128 implants were placed successfully. Platform global deviations were 0.69 ± 0.29 mm (SARS) and 0.72 ± 0.41 mm (DNS); apical global deviations were 0.74 ± 0.27 mm (SARS) and 0.70 ± 0.40 mm (DNS). SARS achieved significantly lower angular deviation (superior trueness) overall (P < .05), particularly in distally tilted implants (P < .001). On well-rounded ridges, SARS showed smaller global and lateral platform deviations (P < .05). On narrow ridges, SARS had larger platform and apical depth deviations (P < .01) but maintained better angular control (P < .01). Precision analysis revealed that SARS achieved superior platform precision under complex conditions (distally tilted implants and narrow ridges), while on well-rounded ridges, it showed higher apical precision and more consistent angular control.

Conclusion

Both SARS and DNS demonstrated excellent accuracy in completely edentulous models. Furthermore, the SARS showed superior angular trueness and platform precision in distally tilted implant placement and complex bone morphology.