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Background <p>To assess the efficacy in relation to costs of three retention techniques: vacuum-formed retainers (VFR) with lingual-bonded braided and multistranded wire retainers in the mandible.</p> Methods <p>A total of 93 participants, aged 12–21 years at the start of the retention phase (median age: 16 years; 66% females) were assessed. Analysis included retainer survival rate, costs associated with retention procedures, degree of mandibular incisor irregularity, and patient satisfaction. The cost-minimization analysis accounted for direct costs (material and production expenses, utility costs, and chair time based on personnel wages).</p> Results <p>The survival rate of retainers was 74% for VFR, 71% for rectangular wire retainers, and 62% for round wire retainers, with no significant differences among groups. Incisor alignment relapse was minimal overall but was highest in the VFR group compared to both wire types (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). No differences in satisfaction were observed between groups. However, total retention costs varied significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with the VFR group showing the lowest median cost (34.39 €) and rectangular wire group the highest (44.61 €).</p> Conclusion <p>The retainers demonstrated similar survival rates, provided equal patient satisfaction, and maintained alignment effectively, with differences in stability remaining below evidence-based thresholds. However, VFR incurred 21–23% lower costs than fixed retainers, a finding with practical relevance for public or resource-limited settings.</p> Trial registration <p>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05121220. Registered 02 October 2021.</p>

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Stability, survival and costs of vacuum-formed retainers versus bonded lingual braided rectangular and multistranded round wire retainers in the mandible of orthodontic patients over a two-year period

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Silvija Kanizaj Ugrin,
  • Jeta Kiseri Kubati,
  • Emina Cirgic,
  • Paris Simeon,
  • Stjepan Spalj

摘要

Background

To assess the efficacy in relation to costs of three retention techniques: vacuum-formed retainers (VFR) with lingual-bonded braided and multistranded wire retainers in the mandible.

Methods

A total of 93 participants, aged 12–21 years at the start of the retention phase (median age: 16 years; 66% females) were assessed. Analysis included retainer survival rate, costs associated with retention procedures, degree of mandibular incisor irregularity, and patient satisfaction. The cost-minimization analysis accounted for direct costs (material and production expenses, utility costs, and chair time based on personnel wages).

Results

The survival rate of retainers was 74% for VFR, 71% for rectangular wire retainers, and 62% for round wire retainers, with no significant differences among groups. Incisor alignment relapse was minimal overall but was highest in the VFR group compared to both wire types (p < 0.001). No differences in satisfaction were observed between groups. However, total retention costs varied significantly (p = 0.001), with the VFR group showing the lowest median cost (34.39 €) and rectangular wire group the highest (44.61 €).

Conclusion

The retainers demonstrated similar survival rates, provided equal patient satisfaction, and maintained alignment effectively, with differences in stability remaining below evidence-based thresholds. However, VFR incurred 21–23% lower costs than fixed retainers, a finding with practical relevance for public or resource-limited settings.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05121220. Registered 02 October 2021.